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雄激素性脱发.
雄激素性脱发[1](androgenetic alopecia,AGA)[2]俗称早秃[3],旧时误称脂溢性脱发,是前额上部或头顶部头发逐渐稀少,最后头皮光滑或有少许细毛,有时合并皮脂溢出,多见于男性。
男性脱发主要是遗传造成。机理为:男性油脂分泌旺盛与和雄性激素有关,男性脱发的根源是从睾酮衍生出来的二氢睾酮。大约5%的睾酮会被一种叫5α还原酶的催化剂转化成二氢睾酮,二氢睾酮量虽少,威力却大,和雄性激素受体结合的能力是睾酮的十到几十倍。它们在前列腺和头顶的头皮这两个地方最为活跃,由于遗传的缘故,有些人天生就对它们特别敏感。在前列腺,二氢睾酮量和雄性激素受体的结合刺激细胞的增殖,能导致前列腺肥大。而在头皮,二氢睾酮量和雄性激素受体的结合让毛囊萎缩,毛囊的生长周期变得越来越短,长出来的头发越来越细,最终,头发细得肉眼看不见或完全消失[4]。
- 男性:多数从前额两侧开始脱发逐渐向头顶部延伸或从额部发际线开始向后移,少数从头顶处开始脱发。毛囊萎缩,头发由粗的毛发变成细的毛发,逐渐的减少。可伴有脂溢性皮炎或皮脂溢出[5]。
- 女性:顶部毛发逐渐稀疏、变细、变少,但不会脱光。发质柔细并失去光泽,患处头皮变薄可有灼热感、发痒或按痛,以后很难完全再长出新发[5]。
- ^ 存档副本. [2024-04-08]. (原始内容存档于2024-04-08).
- ^ Androgenetic alopecia. National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States. 1 August 2015 [3 April 2022]. (原始内容存档于9 November 2020).
- ^ 早秃的概述. [2014-08-10]. (原始内容存档于2015-12-30).
- ^ 方舟子《男人为什么容易掉头发?》
- ^ 5.0 5.1 早秃的临床表现. [2014-11-15]. (原始内容存档于2015-07-04).
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