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蛇尾

蛇尾
化石时期:奥陶纪至现今
自然界的艺术形态》 (1904), 图版 10: Ophiodea
《自然界的艺术形态》 (1904), 图版 70: Ophiodea
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 棘皮动物门 Echinodermata
亚门: 游移亚门 Eleutherozoa
总纲: 海星亚门 Asterozoa
纲: 蛇尾纲 Ophiuroidea
Gray, 1840
  • 闭蛇尾亚纲 Myophiuroidea
    • 后蛇尾下纲 Metophiurida
      • 总目 Euryophiurida
      • 总目 Ophintegrida
        • 目 Amphilepidida
        • 皮蛇尾目 Ophiodermatina
        • 目 Ophioleucida
        • 目 Ophioscolecida

蛇尾,或称阳遂足海蛇尾,是一类海生的无脊椎动物,属于棘皮动物门蛇尾纲(Ophiuroidea),是该门下物种数最多的一个,其下包括有220多个和2000多个

外形特征

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蛇尾的身体结构与海星相似,但体盘相对较大,腕5条,盘与腕之间有明显交界,而海星的腕与盘的交界多不明显。蛇尾的腕特别细长,甚至比盘的直径长数倍至十数倍,易脱落,但能再生,腕的石灰质骨骼成椎骨状,可弯曲,靠椎骨和附生的小骨片关节作垂直的上下运动,或作水平屈曲和缠绕他物。无肛门。腕的腹面有管足英语tube feet二列,但缺乏步带沟,也不具吸盘,这是蛇尾与海星的主要区别。[1]

习性

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管足主要用作感觉器,用以感受光和气味。取食时,用一或数腕伸入水中或泥面,用其他腕固定身体。主要食腐肉和浮游生物,但有时也捕捉相当大的动物。能作痉挛般的运动,但通常停留在海底或海绵刺丝胞动物身上。

分布

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蛇尾有集群而居的习性,生活于世界各大海洋,从潮间带到6000多米的深海都有,不过以砂质、石质海床珊瑚礁环境最为常见,而寒带海洋和泥质海床环境数量则比较少。

海星一样,虽然蛇尾在古生代已分布全球,但化石并不常见,过往由于蛇尾扁平状的体形与海星十分相似,一些古生代的物种曾被错误归纳于海星。

图片

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文内注释

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  1. ^ 陽隧足 科學Online – 科技部高瞻自然科學教學資源平台. [2016-07-14]. (原始内容存档于2021-03-13). 
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蛇尾
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