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陶乐鲇科

陶乐鲶科
盔平囊鲶 Platydoras armatulus
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 辐鳍鱼纲 Actinopteri
目: 鲇形目 Siluriformes
科: 陶乐鲇科 Doradidae
Bleeker, 1858

陶乐鲇科(学名:Doradidae)是辐鳍鱼纲鲇形目的其中一科。原产于南美洲,主要分布于巴西、秘鲁、圭亚那。

分布

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大多数的南美洲盆地都有陶乐鲇的分布。不过在太平洋沿岸流域和拉普拉塔河以南的沿海流域并没有陶乐鲇。其中70 %的有效物种分布于亚马逊河流域;例如,奥里诺科盆地的港口大约有22种,且为排名第二丰富的物种。另一方面,在巴西东部沿海盆地只发现2种陶乐鲇;分别为,热基蒂尼奥尼亚(Jequitinhonha)和帕尔多河(Pardo river)的沃特氏陶乐鲇(wertheimeria maculata),以及paraguaçu河的kalyptodoras bahiensis。

外表及解剖特征

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经由在背鳍前发达的颈盾,以及侧线高度骨化作用后形成的带刺菱鳞可以很容易的辨认出陶乐鲇。陶乐鲇通常也有三对触须(无鼻触须)、一个脂鳍和背鳍上有四到六条刺鳍(第一刺鳍上有棘)。有时,这些鱼会被称为〝会说话的鲇鱼〞,这是因为他们能借着移动胸棘或是震动鳔来发出声音。

分类

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陶乐鲇科下分31个属,如下:

陶乐棘鲇属Acanthodoras

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蜴鲇属Agamyxis

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钝囊鲇属Amblydoras

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上棘𬶏属Anadoras

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安渡陶鲇属Anduzedoras

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星额陶鲇属Astrodoras

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刺鳍陶鲇属Centrochir

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刺陶鲇属Centrodoras

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拟棘𬶏属Doraops

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陶乐鲇属Doras

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法兰西斯陶乐鲇属Franciscodoras

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黑森鲇属Hassar

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半棘𬶏属Hemidoras

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下陶鲇属Hypodoras

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卡来陶鲇属Kalyptodoras

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细棘𬶏属Leptodoras

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石陶乐鲇属Lithodoras

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  • 石陶乐鲇 Lithodoras dorsalis (Valenciennes, 1840),基异名:Doras dorsalis Valenciennes, 1840

大陶乐鲇属Megalodoras

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真陶乐鲇属Merodoras

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  • 真陶乐鲇 Merodoras nheco Higuchi, Birindelli, Sousa & Britski, 2007

线纹陶鲇属Nemadoras

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仿陶乐鲇属Opsodoras

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高山陶鲇属Orinocodoras

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骨锚鲇属Ossancora

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尖陶乐鲇属Oxydoras

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琴鲇属Physopyxis

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平囊鲇属Platydoras

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翼陶乐鲇属Pterodoras

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吻陶鲇属Rhynodoras

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大吻陶鲇属Rhynchodoras

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蝎鲇属Scorpiodoras

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  • Scorpiodoras calderonensis (Vaillant, 1880)
  • 赫氏蝎鲇 Scorpiodoras heckelii (Kner, 1855)[2]
  • 野蝎鲇 Scorpiodoras liophysus Sousa & Birindelli, 2011

粗皮陶鲇属Trachydoras

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沃特氏陶鲇属Wertheimeria

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参考文献

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  1. ^ Birindelli, J.L.O., Fayal, D.F. & Wosiacki, W.B. 2011. Taxonomic revision of thorny catfish genus Hassar (Siluriformes: Doradidae). Neotropical Ichthyology. 9(Steindachner, 1881) (3): 515-542. : http://www.ufrgs.br/ni/vol9num3/v09n3a06.pdf
  2. ^ Sousa, L.M. & Birindelli, J.L.O. 2011. Taxonomic Revision of the Genus Scorpiodoras (Siluriformes: Doradidae) with Resurrection of Scorpiodoras calderonensis and Description of a New Species. Copeia. 2011 (1): 121-140.
  3. ^ Mark Henry Sabaj and Mariangeles Arce Hernández. 2017. Taxonomic Assessment of the Hard-Nosed Thornycats (Siluriformes: Doradidae: Trachydoras Eigenmann 1925) with Description of Trachydoras gepharti, n. sp. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 166(1);1-53. DOI: 10.1635/053.166.0102
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陶乐鲇科
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