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陵邑

陵邑又称陵邑制陵邑制度陵邑之制,是中国历代朝廷在帝陵旁为供奉和守护帝陵而专门设置建造的县城或城池,其位置通常在陵区外围[1]

陵邑的设置起源于秦国,例如秦国在秦始皇十六年(公元前231年)就建造了丽邑。秦始皇三十五年(公元前212年),秦始皇把3万户百姓迁徙到丽邑。西汉诸帝建陵时,朝廷为打击豪强巩固中央,迁徙关东豪族万家于陵邑。朝廷在汉高祖刘邦的长陵附近置长陵邑。汉景帝五年(公元前152年)设置阳陵邑。汉武帝建元二年(公元前139年)设置茂陵邑。汉元帝在建造渭陵时认为强迫移民会影响稳定,[2]于是宣布废除陵邑制度,关东豪族也不用再迁徙到关中,因此西汉皇帝建陵邑者只有长陵安陵霸陵阳陵茂陵平陵杜陵薄太后的南陵、钩弋夫人的云陵、汉太上皇陵汉宣帝父母的奉明园11座陵墓。汉成帝一度又设置昌陵邑,但之后又废除。此后至西汉结束,诸帝陵再也没有营筑陵邑。东汉时陵邑之制也没有恢复[3][4]

唐朝时又仿照西汉设置陵邑,如昭陵醴泉乾陵乾县宋朝帝陵同样效法西汉,例如当时的永安县就属于陵邑,不过宋朝不是是为每陵设一陵邑,而是为整个巩县宋陵设置永安县[4]辽国则在陵寝周围设置祖州天城。金国在陵墓周围设立万宁县。明朝则改设在帝陵周围设置军卫[1]

参考资料

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陵邑
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