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陈情表

陈情表》是中国西晋时期李密所著的写给晋武帝的奏章。文章叙述祖母抚育自己的大恩,以及自己应该报养祖母的大义;除了感谢朝廷的知遇之恩以外,又倾诉自己不能从命的苦衷,真情流露,委婉畅达。该文被认定为中国文学史上抒情文的代表作之一。《宾退录》记载有南宋赵与时评价“读李令伯《陈情表》而不堕泪者,其人必不孝”[1]

简介

三国魏元帝(曹奂)景元四年(263年),司马昭,李密沦为亡国之臣。司马昭之子司马炎废魏元帝,史称“晋武帝”。泰始三年(267年),朝廷采取怀柔政策,极力笼络蜀汉旧臣,征召李密为太子洗马。李密时年44岁,以晋朝“以孝治天下”为口实,以祖母供养无主为由,上《陈情表》以明志,要求暂缓赴任,上表恳辞。

李密早有孝名,据《晋书》本传记载,李密奉事祖母刘氏“以孝谨闻,刘氏有疾,则涕泣侧息,未尝解衣,饮膳汤药,必先尝后进。”武帝览表,赞叹说:“密不空有名也”。感动之际,因赐奴婢二人,并令郡县供应其祖母膳食,密遂得以终养。

南宋谢枋得文章轨范》引安子顺之说:“读诸葛亮《出师表》不堕泪者不忠,读李密《陈情表》不堕泪者不孝,读韩愈《祭十二郎文》不堕泪者不慈。”,此三文遂被并称为抒情佳篇而传诵于世。

另见

参考资料

  1. ^ 赵与时. 宾退录 9. 
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陈情表
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