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阴历

阴历(英语:lunar calendar)又称太阴历,最早是由西亚人(及两河流域的人)发明,在天文学中与阳历对应,指主要按月亮月相周期来安排的历法;不据地球围绕太阳公转轨道位置。它的一年有12个朔望月,约354或355日。主要根据月亮绕地球运行一周时间为一个月,称为朔望月,大约29.530588日,分为大月30日、小月29日。

纯粹的阴历有伊斯兰历,这种历法与季节无关。而大部分通常说的阴历实际上根据现代学者来说都是阴阳历,例如大中华地区和全世界所有华人及朝鲜半岛越南明治维新前的日本均有使用的农历

农业气象学中,阴历略微不同于农历、殷历、古历、旧历,是指中国传统上使用的农历。而在天文学中认为农历实际上是一种阴阳历

在古代农业经济中,春天播种、秋天收耕,本来阳历应更能反映农业周期,但不少古代历法都是由月亮算起,一个推测是黑夜中的月亮特别容易观察,月亮盈亏一目了然,直至天文技术成熟后,他们才能观察到太阳在历法中的作用[1]

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阴历
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