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阿贝尔定理

阿贝尔定理幂级数的一个重要结果。

定理

为一幂级数,其收敛半径R。若对收敛圆(模长为 R 的复数的集合)上的某个复数级数收敛,则有:

收敛,则结果显然成立,无须引用这个定理。

证明

设级数收敛,下面证明:

,则幂级数 的收敛半径为1,并且只需证明

,则可化归到,于是以下只需要考虑 的情况。

,那么。由幂级数性质可知 的收敛半径也是1。于是

(因为

对于任意的,固定 使得

再固定使得

于是对

这就证明了

于是阿贝尔定理得证。

从证明中可以看出,对于一个固定的正数,设区域:

那么只要趋近于1,就有阿贝尔定理成立。

例子和应用

阿贝尔定理的一个有用应用是计算已知收敛级数。方法是通过在级数每项后加上项,将问题转换为幂级数求和,最后再计算 x 趋于 1 时幂级数的极限。由阿贝尔定理可知,这个极限就是原级数的和。

  1. 为计算收敛级数,设。于是有
  2. 为计算收敛级数,设。因此有

参考来源

  • (法文)Srishti.D.Chatterji. Cours d'Analyse. Editions polytechniques et universitaires romandes. 1997. 
  • (法文)Alekseev. Theorème D'Abel: Un Cours D'Arnold. Cassini. 2007. 
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阿贝尔定理
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