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阿拉伯音乐

弹拨乌德的古代图画

阿拉伯音乐有悠久的历史,阿拉伯人学习并掌握和发展了古典希腊音乐理论,对东西方的音乐都有很大的影响,8世纪时法拉比的著作《音乐全书》被西方认为是欧洲文艺复兴的奠基石。

阿拉伯的音乐理论比较独特,并不是用十二平均律,从古代开始经历了九律、十七律、二十四律的变化,音律上有1/4的调式有“中立三度”,即音程比大三度小,但比小三度大;有“中立六律”,还有大约为150音分的3/4音。“马卡姆”是阿拉伯音乐中的调式音阶的基础,但又有各种程式的旋律节奏

阿拉伯乐器包括五弦弹拨乐器“乌德琴”,类似扬琴的“卡农琴英语Qanun”,拉弦乐“热布普”,斜吹的竖纳伊笛英语Ney”,双簧吹管“萨鲁纳伊”,打击乐“纳格拉鼓”、“达布卡鼓”、“达甫”手鼓和金属的小“契鲁”等。

阿拉伯音乐和伊斯兰教的联系比较密切,中国的信仰伊斯兰教民族的音乐,尤其是新疆各民族的音乐受阿拉伯音乐的影响更大。近代以来,随着瓦哈比派原教旨主义的兴起,音乐、舞蹈等文化娱乐活动在某些伊斯兰国家成为禁忌[1],即使是阿拉伯音乐亦不例外。

注释

  1. ^ 作者:宁二. 谁禁止伊斯兰歌唱?披着伊斯兰外衣的列宁主义. 搜狐网,来源:东方历史评论. 2015-11-20 [2016-01-06]. (原始内容存档于2020-08-01) (简体中文). 

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阿拉伯音乐
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