阿卡围城战 (1291年)
| 阿卡围城战 | |||||||||
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| 马穆鲁克-十字军战争的一部分 | |||||||||
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| 参战方 | |||||||||
 马穆鲁克王朝 |
 耶路撒冷王国 圣殿骑士团 医院骑士团 条顿骑士团 圣托马斯骑士团 | ||||||||
| 指挥官与领导者 | |||||||||
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| 兵力 | |||||||||
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160,000名步兵 60,000名骑兵 |
17,000名步兵 1,100名骑兵 | ||||||||
| 伤亡与损失 | |||||||||
| 中等 |
惨重 | ||||||||
于1291年发生的阿卡围城战（又名阿卡陷落）中，十字军所控制的阿卡城被穆斯林占领。该围城战被认为是这一时期最重要的战役之一。虽然十字军运动持续了几个世纪，但阿卡的陷落标志着十字军进一步向黎凡特进军的失败。阿卡的陷落使十字军失去了耶路撒冷王国最后的堡垒。他们仍然在北部的塔尔图斯城拥有一座堡垒，并试图从艾尔瓦德岛进军，但在1302年/1303年十字军失去了该岛，从而彻底被赶出了圣地。
延伸阅读
[编辑]- Antonio Musarra, Acri 1291. La caduta degli stati crociati, Bologna, il Mulino, 2017.
- Siege of Acre 1291
- The history of the crusades, Volume 3, pp 70–89 (Google Books, full view) （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, by Joseph François Michaud, trans. William Robson. Note that in this account Acre is referred to as "Ptolemaïs", Sultan Qalawun as "Kalouan" and Khalil as "Chalil" and throughout the work Muslims are referred to as "Mussulmans". Several contemporary manuscripts, such as the chronicles of Ibn Ferat, are referenced and appendices give some translations.
- The Crusades by Edward Gibbon (1963), pp. 76–78, provides a useful short summary of the events of the siege including an overview of the situation in Acre at the time.
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- ^ Sean McGlynn. The Siege of Acre: a monstrous blot on the Third Crusade. The Spectator. 18 May 2018 [17 August 2019]. （原始内容存档于May 14, 2018）.
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