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阿伏伽德罗定律.
阿伏伽德罗定律(英语:Avogadro's law,有时也称为阿伏加德罗-安培假说)是意大利化学家阿伏伽德罗于1811年提出的一条假说,后经大量实验证实为定律,将气体的体积与气体中存在的物质的量联系起来。
该定律仅适用于理想气体。
内容是:同温、同压时,同体积的任何气体含有相同数目之分子。可被记为:
![{\displaystyle V\propto n\,}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c9f99343e99cb03010c68a0e77de2c9117c928e0)
或
.
其中:
阿伏伽德罗定律又可以引出另一个重要的定律: 对于任何气体,理想气体常数都具有相同的数值。
![{\displaystyle {\frac {p_{1}\cdot V_{1)){T_{1}\cdot n_{1))}={\frac {p_{2}\cdot V_{2)){T_{2}\cdot n_{2))}=const}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/18f2357e5f34446ee0440def518dd6f5bd718860)
其中:
理想气体状态方程
将公式整合后,将 R 作为比例常数,得:
![{\displaystyle pV=nRT}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/57c364f7f0b47178cfd35c3bbaf6dcb22a98cf44)
该公式即理想气体状态方程。
摩尔体积
将标准状况设定为 101.325 千帕斯卡、 273.15 K,我们得出一摩尔空气的体积:
![{\displaystyle V_{\rm {m))={\frac {V}{n))={\frac {RT}{p))={\frac {(8.314\mathrm {J} \mathrm {mol} ^{-1}\mathrm {K} ^{-1})(273.15\mathrm {K} )}{101325\mathrm {Pa} ))=22.41\mathrm {dm} ^{3}\mathrm {mol} ^{-1))](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/bf1a49218e8d491631ffadf33583042087edda21)
在100.000 千帕斯卡、273.15 K 时, 理想气体的摩尔量是 22.712 dm3mol-1.
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