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阿伏伽德罗定律

阿伏伽德罗定律(英语:Avogadro's law,有时也称为阿伏加德罗-安培假说)是意大利化学家阿伏伽德罗于1811年提出的一条假说,后经大量实验证实为定律,将气体的体积与气体中存在的物质的量联系起来。

该定律仅适用于理想气体。

内容是:同温、同压时,同体积的任何气体含有相同数目之分子。可被记为:

.

其中:

  • V :气体体积
  • n :气体摩尔
  • a :常数,

阿伏伽德罗定律又可以引出另一个重要的定律: 对于任何气体,理想气体常数都具有相同的数值。

其中:

  • p :气体压力
  • T :气体温度

理想气体状态方程

将公式整合后,将 R 作为比例常数,得:

该公式即理想气体状态方程

摩尔体积

标准状况设定为 101.325 千帕斯卡、 273.15 K,我们得出一摩尔空气的体积:

在100.000 千帕斯卡、273.15 K 时, 理想气体的摩尔量是 22.712 dm3mol-1.

参见

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阿伏伽德罗定律
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