For faster navigation, this Iframe is preloading the Wikiwand page for 阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停.

阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停

Obstructive sleep apnea
同义词Obstructive sleep apnoea
阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停示意图
类型睡眠呼吸暂停
诊断方法Stop-Bang questionnaire[*]
分类和外部资源
医学专科Sleep medicine英语Sleep medicine
ICD-117A41
ICD-10G47.3
ICD-9-CM327.23
OMIM107650
DiseasesDB9135
MedlinePlus000811
eMedicineped/2114
MeSHD012891
[编辑此条目的维基数据]

阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停(英语Obstructive Sleep Apnea, OSA),全名阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome)[1][2][3]阻塞性睡眠呼吸中止/低下症候群,是最常见的睡眠相关呼吸障碍疾病英语Sleep-related breathing disorder,也是睡眠呼吸暂停中的最常见形式,它是在睡眠过程中上呼气道部分或全部受阻英语airway obstruction所引起的。 它的特点是在睡眠时重复性的呼吸中止,尽管有试着呼吸却会伴随血氧饱和度的降低。

以上这些关于呼吸被抑制的情形通称为呼吸暂停,每次呼吸中止通常会持续20到40秒。 [4]

成因

[编辑]

此病症发生主要原因是在睡眠时上呼吸道肌肉群和口腔及咽喉软组织过于松弛、过度异常增生或肥大,而造成睡眠过程中反复发生上呼吸道部分或全部阻塞。此处的肌肉包括:腭帆张肌、鼻翼提肌、环甲肌、甲杓肌、颏舌肌、颏舌骨肌、胸骨舌骨肌、胸骨甲状肌;软组织则包括:软腭、口咽扁桃腺及淋巴、侧咽壁软组织、舌根软组织、会厌软骨。

一般认为绝大多数的阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停由以下原因造成:

  • 年纪大
  • 暂时或永久的脑损伤
  • 肌肉张力下降(可由毒品和酒精引起,也有因为神经系统或其它紊乱而引起的。部分人可能会有不止一种症状。)
  • 由长期打鼾引起的咽部局部神经病变(鼾声由上呼吸道软组织震动产生,有人提出打鼾会引起上呼吸道肌肉神经损伤,进而诱发阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停。[5]
  • 呼吸道周围软组织增多(部分是因为肥胖)
  • 引起气道狭窄的先天或后天(如创伤)结构特征

一些有阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停的成年人都伴有肥胖的特征,肥胖的成年人在睡眠时会表现出咽部组织增加,导致呼吸道阻塞。[6]拥有正常身高体重指数(BMI)的成年人则一般是因为肌力下降而引起气道塌陷和睡眠呼吸暂停。仰卧的睡姿也是睡眠呼吸暂停的风险因素之一;仰卧的睡姿造成的下颌骨后缩与舌头塌陷构成睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的解剖学基础。

睡眠呼吸暂停与复发性扁桃体炎发病机制与结果均不相同。[7]

相关条目

[编辑]

参考文献

[编辑]
  1. ^ 存档副本. [2021-07-30]. (原始内容存档于2022-06-26). 
  2. ^ 存档副本. [2021-07-30]. (原始内容存档于2022-06-21). 
  3. ^ 存档副本. [2021-07-30]. (原始内容存档于2021-05-01). 
  4. ^ Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (780.53-0). The International Classification of Sleep Disorders (PDF). Westchester, Illinois: American Academy of Sleep Medicine. 2001: 52–8 [2010-09-11]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-07-26). 
  5. ^ Saboisky, Julian P.; Butler, Jane E.; Gandevia, Simon C.; Eckert, Danny Joel. Functional Role of Neural Injury in Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Frontiers in Neurology. 2012, 3 [2020-04-27]. ISSN 1664-2295. PMC 3375463可免费查阅. PMID 22715333. doi:10.3389/fneur.2012.00095. (原始内容存档于2020-01-03) (英语). 
  6. ^ Schwab, Richard J.; Kim, Christopher; Bagchi, Sheila; Keenan, Brendan T.; Comyn, François-Louis; Wang, Stephen; Tapia, Ignacio E.; Huang, Shirley; Traylor, Joel. Understanding the Anatomic Basis for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome in Adolescents. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 2015-04-02, 191 (11): 1295–1309 [2020-04-27]. ISSN 1073-449X. PMC 4476519可免费查阅. PMID 25835282. doi:10.1164/rccm.201501-0169OC. (原始内容存档于2022-06-17). 
  7. ^ Ezzedini, Rana; Darabi, Maryam; Ghasemi, Babollah; Darabi, Masoud; Fayezi, Shabnam; Moghaddam, Yalda Jabbari; Mehdizadeh, Amir; Abdollahi, Shahin; Gharahdaghi, Abasaad. Tissue fatty acid composition in obstructive sleep apnea and recurrent tonsillitis. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology. 2013-06-01, 77 (6): 1008–1012 [2020-04-27]. ISSN 0165-5876. doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2013.03.033. (原始内容存档于2020-05-27) (英语). 
{{bottomLinkPreText}} {{bottomLinkText}}
阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停
Listen to this article

This browser is not supported by Wikiwand :(
Wikiwand requires a browser with modern capabilities in order to provide you with the best reading experience.
Please download and use one of the following browsers:

This article was just edited, click to reload
This article has been deleted on Wikipedia (Why?)

Back to homepage

Please click Add in the dialog above
Please click Allow in the top-left corner,
then click Install Now in the dialog
Please click Open in the download dialog,
then click Install
Please click the "Downloads" icon in the Safari toolbar, open the first download in the list,
then click Install
{{::$root.activation.text}}

Install Wikiwand

Install on Chrome Install on Firefox
Don't forget to rate us

Tell your friends about Wikiwand!

Gmail Facebook Twitter Link

Enjoying Wikiwand?

Tell your friends and spread the love:
Share on Gmail Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Share on Buffer

Our magic isn't perfect

You can help our automatic cover photo selection by reporting an unsuitable photo.

This photo is visually disturbing This photo is not a good choice

Thank you for helping!


Your input will affect cover photo selection, along with input from other users.

X

Get ready for Wikiwand 2.0 🎉! the new version arrives on September 1st! Don't want to wait?