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高颐墓阙

,又称阙门[1],是东亚宫殿、祠庙和陵墓前的一种高建筑物,通常左右各一,建成高台,台上起楼观,两阙中间没有建筑物相连,之间空缺,故称“阙”。有的用石雕砌而成,作为记官爵、功绩和装饰之用。也有大阙旁更建小阙的,称“子母阙”,如东汉王稚子阙、高颐阙等。

徐锴《说文解字系传》卷二十三:“盖为二台于门外,人君作楼观于上,上员下方。以其阙然为道,谓之阙,以其上可远观,谓之观,以其县(悬)法谓之象魏。”因以为宫门的代称。《汉书·朱买臣传》:“诣阙上书。”后世改用石雕砌而成的,作为铭记官爵、功绩和装饰之用。

宫阙常用来代指朝廷。阙也会出现在重要寺庙道观门前,以及帝王贵族陵墓前。

汉晋石阙

参见汉阙列表

石阙是秦汉时代威仪等地的建筑物。用于墓前和祠庙前。中国现存的石阙三十座,时代属于东汉及晋,分布地区以山东河南及四川最为集中。墓阙以雅州东汉益州太守高颐墓阙最为精美。

阙门

汉、晋以后,阙继续在都城、宫殿及皇家陵墓前使用。其中现存的大型阙遗迹包括唐代乾陵神道上的三重阙。

宫殿前的双阙发展到明代时已经与门楼合为一体,成为一座“凹”字形建筑,两侧伸出的翼楼上建有与主门楼分离的方形建筑,代表传统的阙,翼楼下另开门洞称为“阙门”。明、清朝的南京和北京皇宫的午门都是阙门形制,但南京午门的两阙在1924年修建明故宫机场时拆除,因此北京午门成为中国国内硕果仅存的皇宫阙门遗存。越南顺化紫禁城的午门仿明午门设计,也有两阙。

注释

  1. ^ 尔雅·释宫》中说“观谓之阙”,郭璞注:“孙炎曰:‘宫门双阙,旧章悬焉,使民观之,因谓之观。’”

参见

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