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夜摩天

夜摩天梵语याम罗马化:Yāma),又称炎摩天焰摩天夜魔天阎魔天,意译为善时、善分,又译为双子,佛教传说的天界之一,为六欲天的第三层。由夜摩天王统理此天。

概论

夜摩天居于忉利天之上[1]。夜摩天以上,称为空居天,在它下方的四天王天忉利天则称地居天

此天一昼夜合人间200年,此天人寿命2000岁,合人间1亿4400万年。

正法念处经》称现今的夜摩天王名为牟修楼陀,往前依次为普乐、善色、威德、大业[2]

历史

它最早出现在婆罗门教吠陀经典中,由阎摩统领此天,是人类死亡后到达的快乐居所。在《梨俱吠陀》中,阎摩为太阳神苏利耶之子,为帝释天之下的神明。随着传说变化,夜摩天王与阎摩逐渐成为两个神明,梵语名也被解释为“双子”,表示有两个法王,他们可能是兄妹,可能是伴侣。据说是此世界最先到达地狱的众生,故由他们一个统理天界,一个统理地狱,或一个管理男鬼,一个管理女鬼。

之后被吸收入佛教教义中,成为六欲天之一。在佛教传说中,夜摩天是天界的一层,夜摩天之主称为夜摩天王,而另有同名的阎魔王居于冥界,主管罪灵的赏罚。

在《长阿含经》中,帝释天曾请夜摩天王一同来参与对阿修罗的战斗[3],帝释请夜摩天给予帮助,显示夜摩天的地位在帝释天之上。随着帝释天的地位在传说中逐渐被梵天取代,夜摩天的地位更随之上升。《彰所知论》中说,夜摩天远离帝释与修罗天之间的斗争,所以又名离诤天,夜摩天的地位被认为高于帝释天。

参见

注释

  1. ^ 《长阿含经》卷18〈第四分世记经阎浮提州品第一〉:“过三十三天由旬一倍有焰摩天宫,过焰摩天宫由旬一倍有兜率天宫,过兜率天宫由旬一倍有化自在天宫,过化自在天宫由旬一倍有他化自在天宫,过他化自在天宫由旬一倍有梵加夷天宫。”
  2. ^ 正法念处经页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)》记载
  3. ^ 《长阿含经》卷21〈第四分世记经战斗品第十〉:“时,天帝释命一侍天而告之曰:‘汝持我声往告焰摩天、兜率天、化自在天、他化自在天子言:“阿须伦与无数众欲来战斗,今者诸天当自庄严,备诸兵仗,助我斗战。”’……时,焰摩天子闻此语已,即自庄严,备诸兵仗,重被宝铠,驾乘宝车,与无数巨亿百千天众前后围绕,在须弥山东面住。”
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夜摩天
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