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开放平台.
在计算机科学里,开放平台(open platform)是指一个基于开放标准的软件系统,具有公开及完整说明文件的外部应用程序界面(API),让人们可以用与原本程序员所设想的不同之方式操作该软件,而不需要修改源代码。使用这些界面时,第三方可以将额外的功能整合于该平台上[1]。与开放平台相对的为封闭平台。
开放平台不一定是开放源代码,但大多数开放平台的API有多种实作方式。例如,通用网关接口(CGI)可透过开源网络服务器实作,亦可透过微软的互联网资讯服务(IIS)实作。开放平台可以由商业软件、开源模组或两者混合组成。开放平台内也可能存在部分封闭平台,如CGI虽然是个开放平台,但许多服务器在实作CGI时亦使用了其他非属开放平台的一部分,而具有专有软件的部分。
开放平台意指厂商允许,也或许会支援如此做的能力。使用一个开放平台时,开发人员可以附加上厂商没有完成或没设想到的特性或功能。开放平台允许开发人员改写既有的功能,只要其规格为公开的开放标准。
服务导向架构允许应用程序如同服务一般运作,在多个系统间或互联网上之类的分散式运算环境内被接取。网络服务的重点在于建立一个透过独立于平台及编程语言之互联网协议存取之功能标准组件。开放服务导向平台能允许任何人与这些标准组件互动与存取。
哈佛商学院于2008年的一份报告中将平台的开放性分成4个方面,并举例说明。
- ^ 1.0 1.1 Thomas R. Eisenmann, Geoffrey Parker, Marshall Van Alstyne. Opening Platforms: How, When and Why? (PDF). Harvard Business School Entrepreneurial Management Working Paper No. 09-030. 哈佛商学院: 2. 2008-08-31 [2015-06-30]. doi:10.2139/ssrn.1264012. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-01-17).
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