For faster navigation, this Iframe is preloading the Wikiwand page for 敌台 (城墙).

敌台 (城墙)

城门的左右两方各有一座敌台,两座敌台上筑有敌楼。

敌台,又称马面,是在城墙或城池旁突出的塔式建筑,在正面或两面突出城墙外,其主要功能是加强防御与攻击墙底敌军,位于城池边角处的敌台则叫角台。敌台上会增建一种称作敌楼的棚楼用以增加遮蔽物。

敌台之功能包括:

  • 城墙本身的宽度一般有限。增加了敌台结构后,在同样的高度可以布置更多的士兵和守城器械。
  • 敌台正面的凸出部分、以及侧面的开窗,便于从两翼射击攻城人员。沈括在《梦溪笔谈》中强调马面的作用:“予曾亲见攻城,若马面长则可反射城下攻者,兼密则矢石相及,敌人至城下则四面矢石临之。”[1]
  • 其高度便于守望敌情。
  • 敌台上的垛口墙、箭窗、射孔等为守城士兵作战提供掩蔽。
  • 上部为平台的敌台,可以起到烽火台的作用,用来传递军情。但和烽火台并不等同。烽火台是独立于城墙之外的建筑,专事传递军事信息,而敌台是与城墙相连的。

武备志对敌台的评价为:“有城无台亦如无城,台非其制亦如无台。”[2]

名称

[编辑]

一城墙若无敌台时,攻城方可逼近城墙,守军难以探出头来观察与攻击,敌台的存在可使守军能较安全的攻击城底之敌,使守城方“得以放心肆力敌贼”而得名。[2]

分类

[编辑]

敌台分为实敌台与虚敌台,亦称实台与虚台。实敌台下部填实,上部平台四周有垛口墙。虚敌台为空心敌台,以砖石砌三面而空其中,中有两层以木板为楼,用木梯上下,每层多置空眼以便窥觇与放箭放铳,增加了可以用来防御的人力火力,《武备志》记载筑实敌台不如筑虚敌台。[2]

图集

[编辑]

参考

[编辑]
  1. ^ 《梦溪笔谈》
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 《武备志˙卷一百一十˙城制》
{{bottomLinkPreText}} {{bottomLinkText}}
敌台 (城墙)
Listen to this article

This browser is not supported by Wikiwand :(
Wikiwand requires a browser with modern capabilities in order to provide you with the best reading experience.
Please download and use one of the following browsers:

This article was just edited, click to reload
This article has been deleted on Wikipedia (Why?)

Back to homepage

Please click Add in the dialog above
Please click Allow in the top-left corner,
then click Install Now in the dialog
Please click Open in the download dialog,
then click Install
Please click the "Downloads" icon in the Safari toolbar, open the first download in the list,
then click Install
{{::$root.activation.text}}

Install Wikiwand

Install on Chrome Install on Firefox
Don't forget to rate us

Tell your friends about Wikiwand!

Gmail Facebook Twitter Link

Enjoying Wikiwand?

Tell your friends and spread the love:
Share on Gmail Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Share on Buffer

Our magic isn't perfect

You can help our automatic cover photo selection by reporting an unsuitable photo.

This photo is visually disturbing This photo is not a good choice

Thank you for helping!


Your input will affect cover photo selection, along with input from other users.

X

Get ready for Wikiwand 2.0 🎉! the new version arrives on September 1st! Don't want to wait?