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钦圣献肃皇后

钦圣献肃皇后向氏
钦圣皇后向氏

钦圣献肃皇后(1046年-1101年)向氏,宋神宗皇后,河内(今河南沁阳)人,宰相向敏中曾孙女,善书行草。生皇长女延禧公主

北宋治平三年(1066年),向皇后和当时是颍王的赵顼结婚,封为安国夫人。治平四年(1067年),宋英宗驾崩,颍王赵顼即位,是为宋神宗,立向妃为皇后。向皇后自己回顾,与神宗之间从未红脸争执过。宋徽宗言:“皇太后聪明,自神宗时已与闻政事。”(《曾公遗录》卷九)

1085年宋神宗死,向皇后在婆母高太后前赞成庶子即位,即宋哲宗。宋哲宗尊嫡母向皇后为皇太后,祖母高太后为太皇太后。高太皇太后命修葺庆寿故宫让向太后入住,向太后辞曰:“怎能婆婆住在西边而媳妇住在东边,渎上下之分。”遂以庆寿后殿改建为隆佑宫入住。宋哲宗选婚的时候,向太后敕谕自己家族,不可将向氏女孩送去应选。

宋哲宗驾崩后,向太后力排宰相章惇之议,以神宗诸子都是庶出为由不立哲宗胞弟简王赵似,又以眼疾为由不立最年长的皇弟申王赵佖,最后拥立次年长的皇弟端王赵佶为帝,是为宋徽宗。徽宗即位初,因大臣担心宋徽宗喜好游乐而荒废国政,建议向太后于内东门小殿垂帘听政,在她主政期间朝政一度恢复安定,当年因反对宋哲宗及宰相章惇的新政而被贬的旧臣在向太后主政下得到平反。宋徽宗的继室显肃皇后郑氏、宠妾大王贵妃原先都是向太后的婢女。次年,即建中靖国元年(1101年)正月,向太后逝,享年五十六岁,谥号钦圣皇后

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维基文库中的相关文本:宋史·卷243》,出自脱脱宋史
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参考

  • 《宋史》
前任:
高皇后
宋朝皇后
1068年—1085年
继任:
孟皇后
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钦圣献肃皇后
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