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钻爆法.
钻爆法,又称钻炸法,是使用爆破方式进行隧道开挖作业,同字面上意思,是在开挖处先钻出一个洞,把烈性炸药埋入其中,然后引爆的做法。由于炸药位于洞中,力量不易散失,所以能够发挥炸药完全的力道,炸碎大量的岩石,使工程快速进行,施工进度较容易掌握,故为大多数岩石隧道施工及采矿所采用。施工方流程包含:
- 钻孔与爆破:在岩石爆破面上钻取若干适当深度装填爆材孔洞,并装填爆材。
- 通风:爆破后,以人工方式排除爆破产生的有毒气体。
- 出碴:挖除并运弃爆破之石碴。
- 支撑及防护:以临时支撑稳定开挖后之拱顶。
- 衬砌:于适当时机,加设隧道永久衬砌。
这一方法从早期由人工手把钎、锤击凿孔,用火雷管逐个引爆单个药包,发展到用凿岩台车或多臂钻车钻孔,应用毫秒爆破、预裂爆破及光面爆破等爆破技术。施工前,要根据地质条件、断面大小、支护方式、工期要求以及施工设备、技术等条件,选定掘进方式。
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