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银团贷款

银团贷款(Syndicated loan)是由一组贷款方联合提供,由一家或者多家商业银行或者投资银行组织安排及管理的贷款。主导的银行称为牵头行(英语:Mandated Lead Arranger)或簿记行(英语:Bookrunner)。簿记行的角色主要为为客户(需要筹资的公司)拟定市场及客户均可接受的贷款条款,并在公开市场为其筹集所需资金。

美国银团贷款市场起源于1980年代中期的巨额杠杆收购贷款[1];欧洲市场因为欧元于1999年问世而开始兴起。借款一方需要向簿记行支付服务费用。服务费用随着贷款复杂性和风险因素而增加,因此向举债经营的借款人──即信用评级为投机等级,并且支付足以吸引非银行定期贷款投资者的利差(即高于LIBOR、EURIBOR或其他基准利率的利差)的借款人提供的贷款最具盈利性。

2020年全球银团贷款市场规模为约34,964亿美元[2]; 其中美国市场规模为19,047亿美元,欧洲市场规模为7,757亿美元;而亚洲(不含日本)市场规模4,605亿美元。

银团贷款的类型

银团贷款主要分成4种主要类型:循环信用(英语:Revolving credit)、定期贷款(英语:Term loan)、信用证(英语:Letter of credit)和设备贷款[3]。循环信用允许借款方提取贷款,到期偿还本金及利息后再根据需要尽可能经常性地续借。定期贷款即分期付款形式的贷款,借款方可按预定计划分期还款或者在到期日一次性支付。项目融资(英语:Project finance)也常以银团贷款的方式筹组。

参考资料

  1. ^ Taylor, Alison; Sansone, Alicia. The Handbook of Loan Syndications & Trading. New York: McGraw-Hill. 2007: 23. ISBN 0-07-146898-6. 
  2. ^ [https://thesource.refinitiv.com/TheSource/getfile/download/cb9a456d-8fcc-4c57-a080-2c2b8b37b7d4 Global Syndicated Loans Review 2020] (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Refinitive Dec 2020
  3. ^ Fabozzi, Frank. High-Yield Bonds. New York: McGraw-Hill. 1999: 43. ISBN 0-07-006786-4. 
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银团贷款
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