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金发.
起源
环境适应起源论
在科学文献中,对金发赖以出现的浅色基因在进化上产生原因的经典解释是:高纬度的北欧在某些季节里严重缺乏日照,而人类是需要日照才能够合成足够的维生素D的[1];而浅色基因同时也可以使肤色更浅,并由此更好地触发维生素D的合成反应。这样对于高纬度地区的族群,有浅色基因的人由于合成维生素D的能力更强,就相对不容易因维生素D缺乏而患佝偻病,所以浅色基因就作为一种竞争优势被自然选择给选择下来了。高纬度地区也有少数族群有较深的发色和肤色,比如因纽特人。经典理论对此的解释是,这些族群的饮食习惯显著倾向于海鲜,而海洋鱼类中有较高含量的维生素D,所以浅色基因在这些族群中并不成为竞争优势。
性选择起源论
根据科学家最新的研究,在远古北欧,由于长期危险狩猎活动使族群中男性死亡率高昂,导致了女多男少的局面,女性为了在择偶竞争中占据优势演化出金发,而金发基因因为更吸引男性而得到更广泛的繁殖。
在中世纪伊斯兰世界,金发女子也普遍被纳入后宫。
参考文献
- ^ Robins, Ashley H. Biological perspectives on human pigmentation. Cambridge University Press, 1991, pp. 195–208.
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