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金融管理局

金融管理局(又称货币当局;英语:Monetary authority)是多个国家或地区的中央金融管理机构。不同国家或地区的金融管理局包括: 在金融经济学中,货币当局是管理一国货币和货币供应的实体,其目标通常是控制通货膨胀利率、实际GDP失业率。凭借其货币工具,货币当局能够有效地影响短期利率的发展,但也可以影响控制货币成本和可用性的其他参数。[1]

通常,货币当局是中央银行或货币委员会。大多数中央银行在一定程度上独立于政府及其政治目标和决策。但根据政治设置,如果允许政府影响或控制其中央银行,政府就可以对货币政策进行事实上的控制。货币发行局可能会将货币供应限制为另一种货币的数量。在某些情况下,可能会有广泛的实体(例如银行)可以发行纸币或硬币的自由银行业务英语Free banking

通常,一个国家的货币只有一个货币当局。但是,也有其他安排,例如在欧元区,由欧洲中央银行和已采用欧元作为其唯一官方货币。有些国家则没有中央银行或其他货币当局,例如巴拿马。

美洲

亚洲

位于东京日本银行
位于台北中华民国中央银行

欧洲

大洋洲

注释

  1. ^ 中国人民银行负责中华人民共和国法定货币的发行管理,属于中华人民共和国的“货币当局”。该国另设有国家金融监督管理总局,负责除证券业以外各类金融业的监督管理。
  1. ^ Jahan, Sarwat. Inflation Targeting: Holding the Line. International Monetary Funds, Finance & Development. [28 December 2014]. (原始内容存档于2021-11-09). 
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金融管理局
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