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近独立粒子统计力学

近独立粒子统计指的是统计力学中对粒子的特定描述,它的特点是不考虑粒子间的相互作用。近独立粒子三种主要模式是:

,温度在50开尔文与375开尔文之间取离散值时,费米函数 和能量值之间的关系曲线。

这三种统计的不同之处在于:

  • 古典物理中,粒子被视为能被区分出来的不同个体。
  • 量子物理中,两个费米子不能处于同一个物理态。
  • 量子物理中,要区分玻色子只能从不同的物理态入手,位处同一态的玻色子没有分别。因此,在物理态一的光子甲及在物理态二的光子乙,跟态一的光子乙及在态二的光子甲没有分别。但在古典物理中它们会是两个不同的系统,而在量子物理只算作一个。故玻色子表现得像它们都喜欢在同一状态似的。

数学上使用可交换算符描述玻色子,反交换算符描述费米子,所以造成了以上的差别。

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近独立粒子统计力学
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