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重罪

普通法中,重罪(英语:felony)特指一类较为严重的犯罪。其严重程度则是相对于轻罪英式英语misdemeanour美式英语misdemeanor)而言的[1]。英语中重罪一词源自中世纪法语 félonie。在普通法里,该术语最初被用于形容一类违法行为;违反此类行为之人一旦被定罪,则会被没收土地和财产,甚至追加包括死刑在内的其他惩罚[2]。而经法庭审判定罪犯有重罪之人通常被称为重罪犯(felon)。

在一些普通法司法管辖区域内(例如英格兰威尔士爱尔兰加拿大香港澳大利亚新西兰),犯罪行为不再被简单地划分为重罪或轻罪。与之代替的,较为严重的犯罪被归为可公诉罪行,而相对轻微的犯罪则被归为简易程序罪行

重罪和轻罪的区分标准并非是一成不变的[3]美国是仍然以重罪与轻罪划分犯罪行为的国家之一,美国联邦政府将重罪定义为可判处死刑或超过一年以上刑期的罪行。此分类是根据罪名的潜在刑期决定的,这意味着即便被告最终被判处了少于一年的刑期,其所犯罪行仍然被视为重罪[4]

参考文献

  1. ^ Faulker, Sarah. Invasion of the Information Snatchers: CreatingLiability for Corporations with Vulnerable Computer Networks. The John Marshall Journal of Information Technology &Privacy Law. Summer 2000, 18 (4): 1025 [9 June 2019]. (原始内容存档于2020-07-31). 
  2. ^ Wigmore, John H. Evidence in trials at common law. Little Brown. 1979: 520. ISBN 0316845590. 
  3. ^ 储槐植. 美国刑法 (PDF). 北京: 北京大学出版社. [2023-07-13]. ISBN 7-301-03088-6. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-07-13). 
  4. ^ 美国法典第18编英语Title 18 of the United States Code § 第3559节
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重罪
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