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重庆条约

重庆条约》,或称《烟台续增重庆条约专条》、《烟台条约续增专条》,为光绪十六年(1890年)3月31日,驻华公使华三(Fohn Washam)与总理各国事务衙门庆亲王奕劻签定重庆条约六款[1],其中规定:“一、重庆即准作为通商口岸无异;二、英商自宜昌至重庆往来运货,或雇佣华船,或自备华式之船,均听其便……[2]

历史

1869年,英国曾派遣一个海军小组勘测宜昌重庆的航道,为重庆开埠进行可行性论证,但因为滩多水急、行船太难而被迫停止;1876年9月13日,《烟台条约》正式签署,并很快得到清政府批准,其中“通商事务”有一条规定“又四川重庆府可由英国派员驻寓,查看川省英商事宜。轮船未抵重庆以前,英国商民不得在彼居住,开设行栈,俟轮船能上驶后,再行仪办”[2],此条确定了重庆开埠的前提条件[3]

因上述条约要求先将轮船开至重庆,再议通商事宜,英国极力支持本国轮船主尽快把轮船开到重庆,船主立德乐(Alicia Little)则于1885年向清政府申请宜昌、重庆之间航行执照,并于2年后办航运公司准备试航,为此,中英间再次开始谈判[4],后于1890年3月31日,《烟台条约续增专条》正式签订,次年3月1日,重庆对外开埠并设关[5]。1898年3月,立德乐率“利川”轮开到朝天门,开埠条件满足,重庆被迫辟为通商口岸[4]

参考资料

  1. ^ 锺英编著.《国际常识辞典(增订本)》.乐华图书公司,民国24年06月.第146页
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 重庆晨报. 130年前的3月1日 重庆因这纸条约正式开埠. 人民网. 2021-03-03 [2023-02-28]. 
  3. ^ 黄琪奥; 重庆日报. 两份史料讲述重庆开埠由来. 中国网. 2021-03-03 [2023-02-28]. (原始内容存档于2023-02-28). 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 重庆开埠. 重庆市渝中区人民政协. 2016-04-06 [2023-02-28]. (原始内容存档于2023-02-28). 
  5. ^ 本关概况. 中华人民共和国重庆海关. [2023-02-28]. (原始内容存档于2019-06-10). 
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重庆条约
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