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里奥哈龙属

里奥哈龙属
化石时期:227–213 Ma
里奥哈龙的头颅骨
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 蜥形纲 Sauropsida
总目: 恐龙总目 Dinosauria
目: 蜥臀目 Saurischia
亚目: 蜥脚形亚目 Sauropodomorpha
科: 里奥哈龙科 Riojasauridae
属: 里奥哈龙属 Riojasaurus
Bonaparte, 1969
模式种
里奥哈龙
Riojasaurus incertus

Bonaparte, 1969

里奥哈龙属(属名:Riojasaurus)意为“里奥哈蜥蜴”,是种植食性恐龙。里奥哈龙是以阿根廷拉里奥哈省为名,牠们是由何塞·波拿巴所发现、命名。里奥哈龙生存于三叠纪晚期的南美洲,牠们身长约6米[1]

叙述

里奥哈龙与人类的体型相比

里奥哈龙拥有重型身体、庞大结实的腿、以及长颈部与长尾巴。以原蜥脚类的标本而言,里奥哈龙的腿骨大、密度高[1]。里奥哈龙的脊椎骨中空,可减轻重量。大部分原蜥脚类的荐椎只有3节,里奥哈龙的荐椎有4节[1]。牠们可能改以四足方式缓慢移动,而且不能以后腿支撑站立[1][2]。里奥哈龙的前后肢长度相近,显示牠们应为四足步态[1]

里奥哈龙的第一个被发现化石并没有头颅骨[3],后来才发现一个保存良好颅骨[4]。牙齿呈叶状、有锯齿边缘。上颌的前方有5颗牙齿,后方有24颗牙齿。

在2011年,科学家比较恐龙、现代鸟类爬行动物的巩膜环大小,提出里奥哈龙可能属于无定时活跃性的动物,觅食、移动行为跟白天黑夜没有正相关,只休息短暂时间[5]

分类

许多科学家认为里奥哈龙是黑丘龙的近亲[1];黑丘龙是三叠纪侏罗纪早期的最大型原蜥脚类恐龙。但英国布里斯托大学 的研究认为里奥哈龙的颈部骨头较长,与其他发现于阿根廷洛斯科罗拉多斯组的原蜥脚类恐龙不同[6]

由于里奥哈龙与近亲黑丘龙的巨大体型与四肢结构,曾有研究认为牠们是早期的蜥脚类恐龙[1]彼得·加尔东(Peter Galton)与保罗·塞里诺(Paul Sereno)曾反对蜥脚类演化自原蜥脚类的理论,提出这是两个独自演化的演化支。如果属实,里奥哈龙与蜥脚类恐龙的共同特征,将是平行演化的结果[1]

参考资料

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 "Riojasaurus." In: Dodson, Peter & Britt, Brooks & Carpenter, Kenneth & Forster, Catherine A. & Gillette, David D. & Norell, Mark A. & Olshevsky, George & Parrish, J. Michael & Weishampel, David B. The Age of Dinosaurs. Publications International, LTD. p. 41. ISBN 0-7853-0443-6.
  2. ^ Van Heerden, J. and Galton, P.M. (1997). "The affinities of Melanorosaurus a Late Triassic prosauropod dinosaur from South Africa". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie Monatshefte. (1):39-55
  3. ^ Bonaparte, J.F. (1967). Dos nuevas "faunas" de reptiles triásicos de Argentina. Ameghiniana 10(1): 89-102.
  4. ^ Bonaparte, J.F. & Pumares, J.A. (1967). Notas sobre el primer craneo de Riojasaurus incertus (Dinosauria, Prosauropoda, Melanorosauridae) del Triasico Superios de La Rioja, Argentina. Ameghiniana 32(4): 341-349.
  5. ^ Schmitz, L.; Motani, R. Nocturnality in Dinosaurs Inferred from Scleral Ring and Orbit Morphology. Science. 2011, 332. PMID 21493820. doi:10.1126/science.1200043. 
  6. ^ Moody, Richard. Dinofile. pg 20. Octopus Publishing Group Ltd., 2006

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里奥哈龙属
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