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酒糟鼻

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酒糟鼻
十五世纪意大利画家多米尼哥·基兰达奥所绘制的《老人和他的孙子》显示了肥大型酒糟鼻对皮肤造成的损害[1]
类型皮肤病疾病
分类和外部资源
医学专科皮肤病学
ICD-11ED90.0
ICD-10L71
ICD-9-CM695.3
DiseasesDB96
MedlinePlus000879
eMedicinederm/377
MeSHD012393
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酒糟鼻又称酒渣鼻[2][3]玫瑰痤疮,是一种以脸部红斑和丘疹为特点的慢性皮肤病[4][5]。该疾病在所有年龄段均可发病,分为四种类型,其中三种影响皮肤,第四种影响眼睛。如果不及时治疗,病情会逐渐加重。局部使用类固醇治疗不但无效,反而可能加重症状。[6]

酒渣鼻在欧洲西北部居民中较为常见,并被一些大不列颠爱尔兰人戏称为凯尔特人的诅咒,但近年来这种说法受到了质疑[7]男性女性都可能患病,但女性患病的几率几乎是男性的三倍,尽管鼻部病变更常见于男性。

该病的主要症状通常包括脸颊中部及面颊鼻子前额的发红,但也可能波及到脖子胸部耳朵头皮,尽管出现这种情况的可能性较低[8]。其他症状可能包括半永久性泛红、毛细血管扩张、红色隆起的丘疹、脓包、红肿状沙眼以及灼烧刺激感。在严重的病例中,鼻部可能发展成红色分叶状(肥大型酒糟鼻)。

分类

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发红区域
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病因和诊断

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酒渣鼻初期表现为易潮红的脸部或特定部位、微血管轻微扩张(皮肤上可见血丝);中期类似青春痘,出现丘疹/脓泡,并伴有较严重的微血管扩张;晚期症状包括结节状硬块、鼻瘤(尤其在男性患者中较常见)。好发部位为面部鼻、额头、下巴等地,好发人群为白种人病因目前尚不明确,但推测与情绪、压力、环境过敏原等因素有关。

治疗

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治疗方面与青春痘相似,但酒渣鼻通常无法根治,只能控制病情,只有少数患者会自愈。对于轻度病情,通常建议患者注意保湿防晒,并避免诱发因素;对于中度病情,可以考虑口服或外用抗生素,如四环素甲硝唑,或者使用杀菌剂己酸;对于严重病情,可考虑使用异维A酸或进行医学美容(尤其对于鼻瘤患者)。应避免使用类固醇治疗,虽然短期内可能有疗效,但最终会加重病情。

保养

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酒渣肌肤应特别注重清洁和保湿,增强肌肤补水及锁水能力。应避免使用含有防腐剂香精酒精等添加物的产品。此外,适量摄入不饱和脂肪酸也有助于促进皮肤再生。[9]

参考资料

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  1. ^ Koepsell, Thomas. Domenico Ghirlandaio: An Old Man and His Grandson (ca 1480-1490). Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2002, 156: 966. doi:10.1001/archpedi.156.10.966. 
  2. ^ 存档副本. [2022-06-26]. (原始内容存档于2022-06-26). 
  3. ^ 存档副本. [2022-06-26]. (原始内容存档于2022-06-27). 
  4. ^ 道兰氏医学词典中的rosacea
  5. ^ Glossary - Dermatology - Online Medical Encyclopedia - University of Rochester Medical Center. [2009-02-21]. (原始内容存档于2011-05-12). 
  6. ^ Rosacea. DermNet, New Zealand Dermatological Society. [2011-02-03]. (原始内容存档于2010-12-07). 
  7. ^ Wollina, U; Verma, SB. Rosacea and rhinophyma: not curse of the Celts but Indo Eurasians.. Journal of cosmetic dermatology. September 2009, 8 (3): 234–5. PMID 19735524. doi:10.1111/j.1473-2165.2009.00456.x. 
  8. ^ All About Rosacea. National Rosacea Society. [2008-11-10]. (原始内容存档于2019-02-09). 
  9. ^ A K Gupta 1, M M Chaudhry. Rosacea and its management: an overview. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. [2020-08-12]. (原始内容存档于2022-06-29). 
  • H. E. Baldwin: Diagnosis and treatment of rosacea: state of the art. In: Journal of drugs in dermatology. Band 11, Nummer 6, Juni 2012, S. 725–730, ISSN 1545-9616. PMID 22648219. (Review).

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酒糟鼻
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