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配位数

配位化学中,配位数(Coordination number)指化合物中中心原子周围的配位原子个数,此概念首先由阿尔弗雷德·维尔纳在1893年提出。[1][2] 配位数通常为2-8,也有高达10以上的,如双齿簇状硝酸根离子U(NO3)62−、Th(NO3)62−,及2007年研究的PbHe152+离子(的配位数至少为15)[3],2015年研究的CoB16(配位数为16)[4]

此概念也可延伸至任何化合物,也就是配位数等同于共价键键连数,例如,可以说甲烷的配位数为4。这种说法通常不计π键

晶体学中,配位数晶格中与某一原子相距最近的原子个数。配位数与晶体结构晶胞类型有关,且决定原子堆积的紧密程度,体心立方堆积中原子配位数为8。最高的配位数为12,存在于六角密堆和面心立方结构中。

参见

[编辑]
  • 牛顿数(Kissing number problem英语Kissing number problem)—有关n维空间中可与单元球接触的等体积球数

参考资料

[编辑]
  1. ^ De, A.K: "A Text Book of Inorganic Chemistry", page 88. New Age International Publishers, 2003.
  2. ^ IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology 2nd Edition (1997); (PDF). [2008-05-30]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2007-06-10). 
  3. ^ The Search for the Species with the Highest Coordination Number Andreas Hermann, Matthias Lein, and Peter Schwerdtfeger Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2007, 46, 2444 –2447 doi:10.1002/anie.200604148
  4. ^ Popov, Ivan A.; Jian, Tian; Lopez, Gary V.; Boldyrev, Alexander I.; Wang, Lai-Sheng. Cobalt-centred boron molecular drums with the highest coordination number in the CoB16− cluster. Nature Communications. 2015-10-12, 6. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 4633964可免费查阅. PMID 26456760. doi:10.1038/ncomms9654 (英语). 
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配位数
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