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鄂州之战 (1274年)

鄂州之战,1274年(宋度宗咸淳十年、元世祖至元十一年),宋元战争中,元朝军队在鄂州(今湖北省武汉市武昌区)地区击败南宋军队的作战。

1273年初,元军攻占襄阳樊城后,元世祖忽必烈命荆湖行省左丞相伯颜率水、步、骑军二十万,分兵三路攻宋。伯颜居中路,率主力沿汉水南进。1274年九月,伯颜率军在郢州(今湖北省钟祥市),绕过宋将张世杰部的阻截,十月,破沙洋、新城(均在今湖北钟祥南),攻下复州(今湖北省仙桃市),十一月二十三日至蔡店(今武汉市汉阳区西),逼近汉阳。宋朝命淮西安抚制置使夏贵率万艘战船,控制长江要口;权知汉阳军王仪守汉阳;权知鄂州张晏然守鄂州,都统王达守阳逻堡(今武汉市汉阳区东);京湖、四川宣抚使朱祀孙率游击军巡江策应。十一月二十五日,伯颜见宋军战舰密布,阻遏入江通道,采纳部将建议,计划过沦河(今府河)由沙芜口(今武汉市汉口区东北)入长江。因夏贵已在沙芜口布兵防守,伯颜于是以部分兵力佯攻汉阳,声称从汉阳渡长江,诱使夏贵调水军救援。十二月初四,元军占领汉口,派兵一部兵马袭占沙芜口,并在汉口北凿开汉水堤坝,引战船入沦河,转沙芜口入长江,伯颜令数千战船停在长江北岸,将步骑数十万在江岸列阵,而轻舟在其后,分布在沦河湾口。夏贵率水军全力救援阳逻堡,在和元军交战中,其子夏松战死,夜晚,夏贵攻打元军战船,又被击败。元军将领建议伯颜夺取沙芜口南岸宋军战船,伯颜主张渡江获全功,令诸将做攻打阳逻堡的准备。十二月十一日,伯颜率军抵达阳逻堡,连攻三天不下。十二月十三日晚,右丞阿里海牙率领一部兵力继续攻城,牵制宋军,伯颜暗中派平章政事阿术率三千骑兵,利用雪夜乘船逆江西上四十里,至青山矶(今武汉东北长江岸)对岸停泊,计划从防御薄弱处乘虚渡江。第二天,阿术前军强渡至中流,被宋朝水军阻截,死伤三百余人。于是阿术亲率后军继至,击败宋都统程鹏飞所率水军,获得一千余艘船,立即架浮桥,保障大军渡过长江。伯颜听说后,督军急攻阳逻堡。夏贵听说元军已经过江,率三百艘战船东逃,其余战舰大败。元军乘势攻克阳逻堡,王达及守城将士大部战死。朱祀孙率军退回江陵,鄂州江防瓦解。元军包围鄂州,焚烧宋朝三千艘战船,切断汉阳与鄂州的联系,汉阳与鄂州于十二月十七日、十二月十八日相继投降。伯颜留兵四万守鄂州,继率主力沿江东进。

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鄂州之战 (1274年)
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