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部民制

日语写法
日语原文部民制
假名べみんせい
平文式罗马字Beminsei

部民制日本大和时代的社会制度。4世纪末,大和国将国内的被征服者和大陆移民编为部民,从事某一特定职业,隶属皇室或贵族。部名一般为主人名、职业名。“部民”源于中国部曲[1]。部民组织一般由低级氏族贵族领导,称为伴造,可以世袭。众多部民种类中,在皇室领地内劳作的田部和贵族领地农庄中的部曲数量最多[2]。部曲常以所属贵族的姓氏命名,如大伴部、苏我部[3][4][5]

部民制是日本大和国家经济的基础,主要为被征服者和大陆移民,少有战俘和罪犯,只能赠与,不能买卖或随意杀害。大化改新决定取消部民制,但仍然有主管官署下属少数品部;边远地区亦仍然存在部民[2]

参见

参考资料

  1. ^ 前之园亮一“宋书南斉书・名代・猪膏から见た氏姓成立と盟神探汤页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)”学习院史学 38, 23-41, 2000年3月,p36
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 中国大百科全书出版社汇编. 中国大百科全书. 外国历史(一) 第一版. 北京: 中国大百科全书出版社. 1998. ,第164页。
  3. ^ 狩野久“古代国家の発展と吉备” 藤井学・狩野久・竹林栄一・仓地克直・前田昌义‘冈山県の历史’山川出版社 2000年 34・37ページ
  4. ^ 西别府元日“芸备の自然と地域の形成” 岸田裕之编 室山敏明・西别府元日・秋山信隆・中山富広・赖祺一・児玉正昭・宇吹暁‘広岛県の历史’山川出版社 1999年 28ページ
  5. ^ 镰田元一“部についての基本的考察”‘日本政治社会史研究 上’塙书房、1984年。
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部民制
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