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遣散礼

遣散礼[1]》(拉丁语Ite, missa est),亦可称为“弥撒礼成”,是用于罗马礼弥撒、或路德宗主日崇拜英语Divine Service (Lutheran)中的最后部分,以表示整个崇拜礼仪的正式完结。将“Ite, missa est”翻译过来,意即“去吧,已经解散了”[2]。在1962年《罗马弥撒经书》修订前,当弥撒上并没有采用光荣颂时,会以上主降福经英语Benedicamus Domino来表示礼仪完结代替。

意义

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19世纪时期,普遍对“Ite, missa est”都是以一种较为含糊的方式去解释,甚至直觉地认为“missa”只是“Mass”的一种分词,简单化地视为一种结束句。1910年英国天主教会司译亚德里安·福特斯克英语Adrian_Fortescue提出了“missa”一字应该来自晚期拉丁语中的“missio”,解释为“遣散”,整句的意思便是“去吧,解散了”。

菲律宾的神学家安斯卡·楚彭科英语Anscar Chupungco提出过曾经有人尝试把“missio”这个字升华至“传教”(mission)的意思,甚至后来教宗本笃十六世于2007年颁布的宗座劝谕了《爱德的圣事英语Sacramentum caritatis》(Sacramentum Caritatis)中也曾经以非语源学的方式将“遣散”提升至“使命”去表达教会有“传教”的使命[3][1],但楚彭科认为这样的解释其实没有很强烈的理据[4]

因应2008年罗马教廷颁报遣散礼的替代用辞,现时有部分神父在宣告“平安回去”和“弥撒礼成”间,也会加插提醒信徒在日常生活中实践信德,宣扬圣教的信息,这亦可视为将“遣散”转为“传教”的意味。

内容

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遣散礼的内容只有两句,并通常以启应方式进行,主祭会先以念读或咏唱方式宣告“弥撒礼成”,会聚以“感谢天主”来回应,亦会加上“亚肋路亚”(亚利路亚)。

拉丁文

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V: Ite, missa est.
R: Deo gratias.

英文版本

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V: Go forth, the Mass is ended.
R: Thanks be to God.

香港天主教版本

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启:(平安回去,)弥撒礼成。
应:感谢天主。

替代版本

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教父年代

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现代罗马礼

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2008年,以下的替代内容获准许用于罗马礼弥撒中:[5]

  • “平安回去”(Ite in pace
  • “去吧,宣扬天主的福音”(Ite ad Evangelium Domini nuntiandum
  • “平安回去,在生活中荣耀天主”(Ite in pace, glorificando vita vestra Dominum

对此,会众同样以“感谢天主”(Deo gratias)作回应。

非罗马拉丁礼

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  • 安博礼:“让我们平安回去”(Procedamus cum pace);回应为“以上主之名”(In nomine Christi
  • 摩尔阿拉伯礼:“奉我们的主耶稣基督的名,仪式已完结”(Solemnia completa sunt in nomine D. N. I. C: votum nostrum sit acceptum cum pace);回应为“感谢天主”(Deo gratias
  • 阿奎利亚礼英语Aquileian Rite[6]
  • “去吧,在和平的路上蒙祝福和选择,你的奉献已达至圣父那里”(Ite benedicti et electi in viam pacis: pro vobis Deo Patri hostia missa est.);或
  • “去吧,在和平的路上蒙祝福和选择,玛莉亚之子已代你奉献”(Ite benedicti et electi in viam pacis: pro vobis Mariae Filius hostia missa est.

东方礼

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  • 安提阿礼英语Antiochene Rite亚历山大礼拜占庭礼执事会先说:“平安回去”(Let us go forth in peace);会众回应“以上主之名”(In the name of the Lord);执事再以简单的“遣散祷文”完结。

其他地方的罗马礼

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  • "Chodťe v pokoji" (平安回去)
  • "Chodťe a ohlasujte Pánovo evanjelium" (回去,宣扬上主的福音)
  • "Chodťe v pokoji a ohlasujte Pána svojim životom" (回去,在生活中宣扬天主)

注释

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 《爱德的圣事》中文译本,第63-64页页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆):收录于香港圣神修院数据库。当中“Ite, missa est”乃翻译为“遣散礼”。
  2. ^ "It is a substantive of a late form for missio. There are many parallels in medieval Latin, collecta, ingressa, confessa, accessa, ascensa — all for forms in -io. It does not mean an offering (mittere, in the sense of handing over to God), but the dismissal of the people, as in the versicle: 'Ite missa est' (Go, the dismissal is made)." Fortescue, A. (1910). Liturgy of the Mass页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). In The Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
  3. ^ Pope Benedict XVI, Sacramentum caritatis, 51. [2022-12-27]. (原始内容存档于2015-01-14). 
  4. ^ Anscar J. Chupungco, Handbook for Liturgical Studies: The Eucharist, Volume 3 of Handbook for Liturgical Studies, Liturgical Press, 1999, p. 3.
  5. ^ ZENIT Staff. Mass Could End With More Than "Go in Peace". ZENIT. 14 October 2008 [16 November 2019]. (原始内容存档于2019-11-16). 
  6. ^ "J.P. Migne Patrologia Latina 99:627.
  7. ^ Vatikāns apstiprinājis Svētās Mises noslēguma formulas [The Vatican has approved closing formulas of Holy Mass]. Katolis.lv. [16 November 2019]. (原始内容存档于2019-11-16) (拉脱维亚语). 
  8. ^ Watykan: Nowe formuły rozesłania kończące Mszę św. [Vatican: New sending formulas ending Mass]. Liturgia.pl. 22 October 2008 [16 November 2019]. (原始内容存档于2022-12-28) (波兰语). 
  9. ^ Liturgická komisia KBS. liturgia.kbs.sk. [2022-03-18]. (原始内容存档于2023-02-06). 
天主教会弥撒额我略圣歌
常用经文 垂怜经 | 光荣颂 | 信经 | 圣三颂(包涵迎主曲) | 羔羊颂 | 遣散礼
专用经文 进堂咏 | 集祷经 | 书信 | 福音前欢呼 | 福音 | 继抒咏 | 奉献咏 | 颂谢词 | 领主咏 | 领圣体后经
特殊形式罗马礼 升阶经英语Gradual
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遣散礼
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