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造山带

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造山带(英语:Orogenic belt)是受造山运动影响的地壳[1]。 当大陆板块挤压并抬升形成一个或多个山脉时,就会形成造山带。 这种地质过程涉称为造山作用[2] [3].

概述

造山运动通常会产生造山带,形成在大陆克拉通边缘的长条变形区域。 年轻造山带通常在活动的俯冲带具有频繁的火山活动和地震。 较老的造山带通常被深度侵蚀并暴露出被位移和变形的地层。 这些地层通常是高度变质的,也包括大量的侵入火成岩岩磐[4]

由俯冲带形成的造山带,会产生地震和火山,并经常形成岛弧。这些岛弧可能在增生造山运动期间被推到大陆边缘。在俯冲带地壳被融化,加厚岩石圈。当海洋板块其上的大陆地壳和另一侧的大陆地壳碰撞时,俯冲活动就结束,并将增生造山运动转变为碰撞造山运动。 碰撞造山运动会产生极高的山脉,就像喜马拉雅山在6500 万年前就开始它的造山运动[4]

地球上主要的造山带是环太平洋造山带(Pacific Ring of Fire)和阿尔卑斯山-喜马拉雅造山带[4]。由于这些造山带是年轻的造山带,它们形成了大山脉,地壳活动活跃,并伴有火山带和地震带[5]

参考文献

  1. ^ Orogenic belt | geology". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2021-04-29.
  2. ^ Tony Waltham (2009). Foundations of Engineering Geology (3rd ed.). Taylor & Francis. p. 20. ISBN 978-0-415-46959-3.
  3. ^ Philip Kearey; Keith A. Klepeis; Frederick J. Vine (2009). "Chapter 10: Orogenic belts". Global Tectonics (3rd ed.). Wiley-Blackwell. p. 287. ISBN 978-1-4051-0777-8.
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Orogenic Belt - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics". www.sciencedirect.com. Retrieved 2021-04-29.
  5. ^ Ring of Fire | Definition, Map, & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2021-04-29.
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造山带
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