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过度换气

Hyperventilation
类型急促呼吸abnormal breathing[*]医学征象[*]
分类和外部资源
医学专科胸腔医学
ICD-11MD11.7
ICD-10R06.4
ICD-9-CM786.01
MedlinePlus003071
[编辑此条目的维基数据]

过度换气,又称过度呼吸(英文:hyperventilation),是由于过量的肺部通气导致二氧化碳不断排出,超过了身体产生二氧化碳的速率而发生[1][2][3] 。如果经常发生过度换气的状况,则称之为过度换气综合症[4]

当肺部过度通气时,血液中二氧化碳通过肺部排出的速率超过了身体产生二氧化碳的速率。这使得血液中的二氧化碳含量降低,而导致低二氧化碳血症。此时身体通常会尝试提高代谢速率来缓解这一状况,当无法缓解时,则会导致血液酸碱值提高,称为呼吸性碱中毒。当过度换气发展到呼吸性碱中毒时,将会引发一系列的症状,例如头晕,嘴唇或手脚的麻木或刺痛感,头痛,虚弱,昏厥和癫痫等。极少数患者还可能会出现手足痉挛[5]

过度换气可能的诱因包括压力,紧张,恐惧以及焦虑等。

其他可能的诱因包括由于高海拔地区的较低气压,头部外伤,窒息,呼吸功能紊乱,心血管疾病以及部分药物副作用等。

过度换气也可以通过进行快速的深呼吸来被人为诱发。

参考资料

  1. ^ Guyton, Arthur C.; Hall, John E. Textbook of medical physiology 11th. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders. 2005: 397. ISBN 0-7216-0240-1. 
  2. ^ Longo, Dan; et al. Harrison's principles of internal medicine. 18th. New York: McGraw-Hill. 2012: 2185. ISBN 978-0071748896. 
  3. ^ Brandis, Kerry. 6.2 Respiratory Alkalosis - Causes. Acid-base Physiology. 30 Aug 2015 [2017-02-19]. (原始内容 (Reviewed in 2006 by the American Thoracic Society)存档于2018-10-03). 
  4. ^ eMedicine - Hyperventilation Syndrome: Article by Edward Newton, MD. [29 November 2016]. (原始内容存档于2008-10-25). 
  5. ^ Byrd, Jr, Ryland P. Respiratory Alkalosis: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology. eMedicine. 5 August 2016. 
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过度换气
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