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过氧乙酸

过氧乙酸
过氧乙酸
过氧乙酸
IUPAC名
ethaneperoxoic acid
别名 过氧醋酸、过乙酸、过醋酸
识别
缩写 PAA
CAS号 79-21-0  checkY
PubChem 6585
ChemSpider 6336
SMILES
 
  • CC(=O)OO
InChI
 
  • 1/C2H4O3/c1-2(3)5-4/h4H,1H3
InChIKey KFSLWBXXFJQRDL-UHFFFAOYAD
RTECS SD8750000
KEGG D03467
性质
化学式 C2H4O3
摩尔质量 76.05 g·mol⁻¹
外观 无色液体
密度 1.13 g/ml (液态)
熔点 0.1 °C
沸点 105 °C
pKa 8.20
黏度 3.280
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

过氧乙酸(俗名过醋酸,英文:Peracetic acid/peroxyacetic acid/PAA)是有机过氧酸家族的成员。透明液体,有典型乙酸气味,是强氧化剂[1]

历史

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过醋酸用作消毒剂已有百年历史[2],1902年Freer与Novy于美国化学期刊(American Chemical Journal,ACJ)首次发表过醋酸能有效抑制细菌及细菌孢子活性。1949年美国细菌学协会(American Bacteriological Association)指出有报导比较了灭菌剂23种成分,当中认为过醋酸最有效[3]

应用

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现今过醋酸在欧洲大量用于消毒食品工业、酿酒工业、水处理系统及净水系统;在医疗领域,过醋酸用于消毒可重用医疗器械、血液透析设备、医院织物洗涤厂(按德国罗伯特·科赫研究所清单程序)。

过醋酸从1955年即用作消毒剂或灭菌剂,大部分用于处理食品及污水,亦曾用于塑胶隔离用具或消毒医疗物品。它可杀死细菌繁殖体、霉菌、细菌孢子及病毒[4],快速广效;浓度低于百万份之1时,可在5分钟内抑制革兰氏阳性菌、革兰氏阴性菌、霉菌及酵母菌,亦证实可杀死小儿麻痹病毒、轮状病毒、乙型肝炎、HIV病毒。[5][6][7]

化学特性

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过氧乙酸高浓度时无色、有强烈刺激味、有腐蚀性,高温加热分解,由醋酸及双氧水反应生成,杀菌作用机理为释出自由氧及氢基,最终分解成氧气、水及醋酸。[2]大多市售过醋酸浓5%、10%及15%。

环保优势

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过醋酸在自然环境中降解为醋酸,再降解为其它物质[8],常用于处理环境河川水。[2]

参考资料

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  1. ^ 邢其毅等。. 《基础有机化学》第三版上册. 北京:高等教育出版社. 2005年. ISBN 7-04-016637-2. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Dr. Holger Biering. More than 100 years of Peracetic Acid. Journal for Hygiene in Hospitals and Medical Practice. 
  3. ^ I.J. Hutchings u. H. Xezones: Proceedings of the 49th annual meeting of the Society of American Bacteriology, Cincinatti, OH (1949)
  4. ^ BSG Endoscopy committee working party. Cleaning and disinfection of equipment for gastrointestinal endoscopy. Report of a Working Party of the British Society of Gastroen terology Endoscopy Committee. Gut, 1998; 42:585-93.
  5. ^ Ossia-Ongagna Y, Sabatier R. Comparison of in vitro activity of six disinfectants on bacteria from contamination in haemodialysis water. J Pharm Belg 1993; 48: 341-5.
  6. ^ Baldry MGC. The bactericidal, fungicidal and sporicidal properties of hydrogen peroxide and pancreatic acid. J Appl Bacteriol 1983; 54:417-23.
  7. ^ Lynam PA, Babb JR, Fraise A. Comparison of the mycobactericidal activity of 2% alkaline glutaraldehyde and Nu-Cidex (0.35% peracetic acid). J Hosp Infect 1995; 30: 237-40.
  8. ^ ECETOC-Monographie JACC No. 40 »Per- acetic Acid and its Equilibrium Solutions« (2001)
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过氧乙酸
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