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达那伊得斯

《承受灌水刑罚的达那伊得斯》(约翰·威廉姆·沃特豪斯/画、1906年)
画中描述达那伊得斯手抬瓦罐,不停地将满满一罐水倒入永远也盛不满的无底桶里。

达那伊得斯古希腊语Δαναΐδες英语Danaides)是希腊神话埃及王—达那俄斯(Danaus)与妻子或情人们所生的50个女儿的总称。“达那伊得斯”该名称意为“达那俄斯的女儿们”。

神话故事

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达那俄斯许诺要把自己的50个女儿嫁给孪生兄弟埃古普托斯的50个儿子。当婚礼准备就绪,达那俄斯突然想起了一个几乎已经快要忘记了的古老预言,那预言告诉他,他在未来将会被自己的女婿给杀死。但是现在阻止婚礼也已经为时已晚,于是他将50个女儿叫到自己跟前,并给了她们每人一把短剑,命令她们在新婚之夜时,趁机将她们的丈夫给杀死。她们不敢违抗父王的命令,只好在深夜当丈夫都睡熟时将他们一一杀害。唯有大女儿许珀耳涅斯特拉太爱自己的丈夫,所以她违抗了父亲的命令,没有将自己的丈夫林叩斯(Lynceus)杀死。天亮了,人们发现埃古普托斯的49个儿子都倒在血泊之中。唯一幸存下来的林叩斯为了报仇,一怒之下将自己的老丈人和杀害他兄弟的49位达那伊得斯给杀死了,因而兑现了那个古老的预言。

后来谋杀亲夫的49位达那伊得斯的行为激怒了天神,在她们死后,她们被发配到了冥府最底层的塔耳塔洛斯,强逼她们灌满永远也不可能灌满的无底桶。从此,49个达那伊得斯就这样出了名。

这49位美丽的少女匆匆忙忙走向低凹的水池边,排成长队,用她们的瓦罐盛满水,又痛苦地顺着陡峭的、滑溜溜的石阶向上攀爬,将瓦罐里的水倒进无底桶中。直到精疲力竭,劳累得快要晕倒的时候,她们才停下来休息一会儿,可是复仇女神的鞭子又向她们劈头盖脸的打下来,棍棒又戳着她们,一次又一次的逼迫她们去完成那毫无希望完成的工作。

参考文献

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  • Antoninus Liberalis, The Metamorphoses of Antoninus Liberalis translated by Francis Celoria (Routledge 1992). Online version at the Topos Text Project.页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  • Apollodorus, The Library with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. ISBN 0-674-99135-4. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆Greek text available from the same website页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆).
  • Callimachus. Hymns, translated by Alexander William Mair (1875–1928). London: William Heinemann; New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons. 1921. Online version at the Topos Text Project.页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  • Clement of Alexandria, Recognitions from Ante-Nicene Library Volume 8, translated by Smith, Rev. Thomas. T. & T. Clark, Edinburgh. 1867. Online version at theio.com.页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  • Hyginus, Fabulae from The Myths of Hyginus translated and edited by Mary Grant. University of Kansas Publications in Humanistic Studies. Online version at the Topos Text Project.页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  • John Tzetzes, Book of Histories, Books VII-VIII translated by Vasiliki Dogani from the original Greek of T. Kiessling's edition of 1826. Online version at theio.com.页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  • Pausanias, Description of Greece with an English Translation by W.H.S. Jones, Litt.D., and H.A. Ormerod, M.A., in 4 Volumes. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1918. ISBN 0-674-99328-4. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  • Pausanias, Graeciae Descriptio. 3 vols. Leipzig, Teubner. 1903. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆).
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达那伊得斯
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