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软件专利.
软件专利,即计算机程序专利。是为计算机软件所申请的专利,自由资讯基本架构推展协会认为软件专利是“借由电脑程序以实现任何电脑运作之专利”。软件专利容易滋生专门靠专利官司来获得收益的专利蟑螂。
计算机程序在多数国家不受专利法的保护,通常各国以著作权法保护计算机程序。[1]
各国及地区的软件专利情况
在中国大陆地区的司法实践中曾给予计算机程序以专利保护;美国专利法排除“抽象概念”(Abstract Idea),以做为拒绝部分涉及软件之专利申请;《欧洲专利公约》及德国、英国和法国的专利法规定:计算机程序不受专利法的保护。[1]
争议
现今,对于软件是否应被授予专利仍存有激烈的辩论。关于软件专利之重要争点如下:
- 软件是否可被授予专利;倘软件可被授予专利,则将如何区分可被授予专利与不可被授予专利之软件;
- 有关对软件的进步性要件,其适用是否过于宽松;
- 对于软件授予专利,是否已阻碍创新,而非鼓励创新。
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