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转山

朝圣者抵达拉萨后开始磕长头。1938年。

转山是一种藏传佛教朝圣藏语གནས་སྐོར威利转写gnas skornékor)简述如下。

历史和交通

2014年在路上磕长头的朝圣者,柏油路、塑料鞋、登山背囊等均为现代工业品。

现代西藏的朝圣文化是于1980年代才兴起的,那时西藏文革结束不久,社会运作恢复。[1]据法国藏学家Katia Buffetrille英语Katia Buffetrille亲历,1990年路上的朝圣者多坐马车或牦牛拉车,而1999年路上则有不少开摩托车和长途大巴的朝圣者。[2]这些车行驶的柏油路大多是1950年代西藏土地改革运动期间修建的(例如川藏公路青藏公路)。[3]

1980年代以前,拉萨转山只有极少数西藏贵族和英雄才能做到。这是因为往拉萨的旅途至少半年,基于古代粮食不足、青藏高原地形歧岖、气候严寒、沿途人迹罕至补给困难。古人抵达佛寺不远处方开始磕长头前进,从几百里外的山间小径开始磕长头则无可能。[3]

目的地

冈仁波齐

位于西藏阿里的冈仁波齐峰是藏传佛教最著名的圣山。

阿尼玛卿山

阿尼玛卿山安多藏区神山。对阿尼玛卿山朝圣的现代考证以法国藏学家Katia Buffetrille英语Katia Buffetrille较闻名,她在1990、1992和2002年三度朝圣。[2][1]

拉萨

参考文献

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Buffetrille, Katia. The Evolution of a Tibetan Pilgrimage: The Pilgrimage to A myes rMa chen Mountain in the 21st Century. 當代藏學學術硏討會論文集:21世紀西藏議題. 台北: 蒙藏委员会. 2004 [2021-04-10]. ISBN 9570185155. (原始内容存档于2007-07-10). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Buffetrille, Katia. The Great Pilgrimage of A myes rma chen. Written Tradition, Living Realities. (PDF). MacDonald, Alexander W. (编). Mandala and Landscape. Delhi: DK Printworld. 1997 [2021-04-10]. ISBN 978-8124600603. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2007-07-10). 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 强舸. 当你感慨磕长头的虔诚灵魂时,可曾想过他们身下的公路是谁修的?. 观察者网. 2017-07-11 [2021-04-10]. (原始内容存档于2017-07-14).  作者系中共中央党校副教授.
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转山
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