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车箱峡

车箱峡,又作车厢峡,是一个有争议的陕西峡谷,具体位置有争议。史载明朝崇祯七年(1634年)陕督陈奇瑜李自成陕西省兴安府境内的车箱峡。车箱峡四山巉立,中互四十里,形势险固[1],由于峡长四十里,形同狗脊骨,又称狗脊关

车箱峡位于何处有多种说法,一说在今安康市平利县境内,《兴安州志》、《兴安府志》均持此说;另一说在今安康市汉滨区境内,可参考《重续兴安府志》。[2]还有一种说法是位于汉中[3]明史专家顾诚则质疑“车厢峡”是否存在,他以为“史籍说车厢峡长达40里,是一个不小的地方。然而无论在兴安地区还是汉中地区,都没有查到它的确切位置。”[4]顾诚从杨嗣昌的疏中认为车箱峡应在汉中[5],他还认为“陈奇瑜的疏中并没有明确提到李自成部,也就是说,汉中被困的起义军是否包括李自成部在内,还缺乏原始材料来证明。”[4]将车箱峡地点定在兴安县基本上都是沿袭吴伟业《车箱困》的说法。

注释

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  1. ^ 明史•陈奇瑜》中有详细记载:“贼见官军四集,大惧,悉遁入兴安之车厢峡,诸渠魁李自成、张献忠咸在焉。峡四山立,中亘四十里,易入难出。贼误入其中,山上居民下石击,或投以炬火,山口累石塞,路绝,无所得食,困甚。又大雨二旬,弓矢尽脱,马乏刍,死者过半。当是时,官军蹙之可尽歼。自成等见事绌,用其党顾君恩谋以重宝贿奇瑜左右及诸将帅,伪请降。奇瑜无大计,遽许之,先后籍三万六千人,悉劳遣归农。每百人以安抚官一护之,檄所过州县具糗粮传送,诸将无邀挠抚事。诸贼未大创,降非实也,既出栈道,遂不受约束,尽杀安抚官五十余人,攻略诸洲县,关中大震。”。王世正:《兴安知州金公遗墨跋》说:“金公遗游击将军唐通手书也,按公作书为崇祯七年甲戌四月三十日,是时大军在楚蜀。贼入汉南,秦督洪公(洪承畴)所云:贼在平利、旬阳,间者数万,自巴州入西乡者二三万。其自栈道犯城洋者又东下石泉、汉阴之间,毕会于汉兴,旁突商洛,秦事大可忧者,正其事也。是年八月,遂有车厢峡受降之举。”
  2. ^ 鲁长青《重续兴安府志》卷22“车厢峡”词条
  3. ^ 《明季北略》卷10说“崇祯七年甲戌”:“李自成降叛不常。六月,陈奇瑜围自成于汉中车厢峡”。文秉《烈皇小识》说,“贼首李自成、张献忠等坐困于汉中之车箱峡”
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 顾诚《明末农民战争史》
  5. ^ 崇祯十一年兵部尚书杨嗣昌的疏中提到:“往年陈奇瑜之抚,一出汉中,旋踵四溃,遗祸至今,罪谤莫赎。”(《杨文弱先生集》卷二六)
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车箱峡
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