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蹲厕

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蹲厕
香港的不锈钢蹲厕
日本制蹲厕。

蹲厕马桶的一种。用者需要蹲下使用。另一种厕所为坐下使用的坐厕

蹲厕在某些地区并不常见。西方某些国家(例如英国美国)接近完全没有蹲厕,但在某些地方(例如亚洲发展中国家)蹲厕却是主流,通常只有能够亚洲蹲的族群才能正常使用蹲厕,与水冲式马桶会产生“马桶烟羽英语toilet plume”(或马桶附带物)气溶胶类似,蹲厕会把屎尿微粒溅在自己的腿和脚鞋上。世界上大多数人口使用蹲式厕所,主要是在发展中国家的农村地区。虽然日本的日式厕所和韩国蹲厕渐渐被西式厕所代替,但蹲厕在这些国家的公共厕所仍然非常常见(原因是因为较容易清洁)。

有些人认为蹲下排便的姿势更加自然和放松。[1]这是因为它可以更好地放松耻骨直肠肌英语Levator ani,从而拉直肛门的角度,使得排便更快、更容易、更彻底。[2][3][1]因此,蹲姿可以防止过度用力,从而防止神经的拉伸(如阴部神经)。[3][1]这些神经的损伤会导致泌尿、排便和性功能方面的永久性障碍。蹲姿也会增加腹内压。[2]蹲姿通常被推荐作为一系列措施的一部分,以控制便秘及其亚型,包括排便阻塞综合征和协同排便失调。排便时慢性过度用力,在坐姿下更可能需要,可能与发炎痔疮或盆腔器官脱垂疾病的任何谱的发展有关,例如直肠膨出、直肠脱垂等。

历史

[编辑]

印度河流域文明摩亨佐-达罗哈拉帕遗址中,考古人员发现最早的蹲厕,直通地下的排水道。

参考

[编辑]
  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Ghoshal, UC; Sachdeva, S; Pratap, N; Verma, A; Karyampudi, A; Misra, A; Abraham, P; Bhatia, SJ; Bhat, N; Chandra, A; Chakravartty, K; Chaudhuri, S; Chandrasekar, TS; Gupta, A; Goenka, M; Goyal, O; Makharia, G; Mohan Prasad, VG; Anupama, NK; Paliwal, M; Ramakrishna, BS; Reddy, DN; Ray, G; Shukla, A; Sainani, R; Sadasivan, S; Singh, SP; Upadhyay, R; Venkataraman, J. Indian consensus on chronic constipation in adults: A joint position statement of the Indian Motility and Functional Diseases Association and the Indian Society of Gastroenterology.. Indian Journal of Gastroenterology. November 2018, 37 (6): 526–544. PMC 6339668可免费查阅. PMID 30617919. doi:10.1007/s12664-018-0894-1. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Steele SR, Hull TL, Hyman N, Maykel JA, Read TE, Whitlow CB. The ASCRS Textbook of Colon and Rectal Surgery 4th. Cham, Switzerland: Springer Nature. 20 November 2021. ISBN 978-3-030-66049-9 (英语). 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Hari Krishnan, R. A review on squat-assist devices to aid elderly with lower limb difficulties in toileting to tackle constipation. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine. April 2019, 233 (4): 464–475. PMID 30898031. S2CID 196526684. doi:10.1177/0954411919838644. 
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蹲厕
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