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路西法效应

The Lucifer Effect
中文名路西法效应:好人是如何变成恶魔的
作者菲利普·津巴多
译者孙佩妏、陈雅馨_(台湾大学)
类型社会心理学
语言英文中文
发行信息
出版机构台湾地区 商周出版
中国 生活·读书·新知三联书店
出版时间台湾地区 2008年10月
中国 2010年3月
出版地点美国
开本17×23 cm
页数592
规范控制
ISBN9789866662287

路西法效应:好人是如何变成恶魔的》(The Lucifer Effect: Understanding How Good People Turn Evil)是美国心理学家菲利普·津巴多2007 年出版的作品。津巴多在书中首次详细叙述了斯坦福监狱实验的经过,并且对阿布格莱布监狱虐囚案中美军狱警虐待囚犯的现象作出了社会心理学解释。

所谓路西法效应,是指一些平凡人或社会团体,在特定情形下,人格、思维和行为方式会忽然堕落,将人性中邪恶一面释放出来,集体作出有违道德的行为,甚至反人类罪

为何好些平凡人会出现这种心理异常转变,从而作出恶行?菲利浦教授认为成因如下:[1]

  1. 盲目服从权威与纪律,使人渐渐地放弃独立意识,失去自我决断力,从而不经批判地接受上司或权威人士的不人道命令。例:红色高棉大屠杀,军人盲目服从独裁政权命令,血腥镇压异见人士。
  2. 被下令去集体作恶,分散与推诿个人之责任。例:二战时日军占领区的认可的抢劫和大屠杀。
  3. 将其他人或个体去人性化,减低对其作恶的罪疚感。例:纳粹德国在政治宣传中将犹太人比喻为“老鼠、寄生虫”;卢旺达大屠杀时,胡图族人称图西族人为“蟑螂”。
  4. 将自己去识别化。透过匿名、变装或使其他人无法见到自己的相貌等方式,避免为自己的恶行承担责任。例:三K党戴头套匿藏身份屠杀黑人。
  5. 群体情绪化,互相加强彼此共同作恶的认同感,不再容易接受外来的意见,在有意无意下跨越自己的道德底线。例:斯大林命令内务部红军集体执行批斗异见分子大清洗

参见

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参考文献

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  • Carnahan, T. & McFarland, S. (2007). Revisiting the Stanford Prison Experiment: Could participant self-selection have led to the cruelty? Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, Vol. 33, No. 5, 603-614.
  • Haney, C., Banks, W. C., & Zimbardo, P. G. (1973). Study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison. Naval Research Reviews, 9, 1–17. Washington, DC: Office of Naval Research
  • Haney, C., Banks, W. C., & Zimbardo, P. G. (1973). Interpersonal dynamics in a simulated prison. International Journal of Criminology and Penology, 1, 69–97.

外部链接

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  1. ^ McDermott, Rose. Reviewed Work: The Lucifer Effect: Understanding How Good People Turn Evil by Philip Zimbardo. Book Reviews. Political Psychology (International Society of Political Psychology). October 2007, 28 (5): 644–646. JSTOR 20447077. 
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路西法效应
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