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趋性.
趋性(英语:taxis,或称为趋向性)是一生物(或细胞)天生的行为反应,指其对一指向性刺激(由特定方向给的刺激),而会有趋进(正趋性)或远离(负趋性)刺激源的动作。趋性和向性不同,生物的趋性有移动性且显现出趋进至远离刺激源指向运动(Kendeigh, 1961)。例如眼虫属的鞭毛原生动物会趋向光源。这里,指向性刺激为光,而其动作为趋向光。此一反应或行为称做正趋光性,而负趋光性正是指对光刺激的反应。有许多其他类型的趋性已经被发现了,详列如下:
依据感觉器官的不同,趋性可以被分为屈曲趋性-一生物持续感觉环境以决定刺激的方向,对称趋性-以两个感觉器官来决定刺激方向,以及趋激性-和对称趋性相似,但只以单一器官来建立其动作。
趋性的例子
- 飞蛾扑火-蛾类的正趋光行为(朝向光源前进)。
- 涡虫栖息于石头下方-涡虫的负趋光行为(躲避光源)。
- 船蛆会集体啃食木制器具-船蛆的正趋化行为(闻到木材散发出来的木质素而过去啃食)。
- 鞭毛虫会趋向光源-鞭毛虫的正趋光行为(朝向光源前进)。
- 草履虫会避开有害的高浓度盐水,而它又会移动到有0.2%醋酸的地方-草履虫的负趋化性(避开有害的高浓度盐水)和正趋化性(移动到有0.2%的醋酸的地方)。
- 寄生虫能辨认寄主-寄生虫的正趋化行为(对寄主身上散放出来的特殊化学物质十分敏感)。
- 臭虫总是向温度较高的地方集中-臭虫的趋温性(向温度较高的地方集中)。
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