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赤芍

来源

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为毛茛科多年生草本植物毛果赤芍(川赤芍)和草芍药或芍药的根。

植物形态

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毛莨科草芍药Paeonia obovata Maxim.,多年生草本,高40-70cm,根肥大,圆柱形或纺锤形,有分枝。外皮红棕色,茎直立,光滑无毛。2回3出复叶,互生,长达25cm,顶生小叶片最大,倒卵形或阔卵形。先端锐尖,基部楔形,侧生小叶片稍小,椭圆形,基部楔形或阔楔形。叶柄长14cm。花单生于茎顶。萼片2-3,淡绿色或淡红色,花瓣6-8,粉红色,雄蕊多,花药黄色。蓇葖果长圆形,表面粗糙。花期5-6月,果期8-10月。 生于阔叶林下及山沟中。分布于东北,西北,西南及河北,山西,安徽等地。根入药,为赤芍的一种来源,秋季采挖。

药材

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又称作赤芍药木芍药

圆柱形,稍弯曲,长10-40cm,直径0.8-3cm,表面棕褐色,粗糙,有纵沟及皱纹,并有须根痕及横向凸起的皮孔。外皮易脱落。质硬而脆,易折断,断面平坦,气微香,味微苦,酸涩。

饮片

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横切或斜切的薄片,后1-2mm。外表棕褐色,切面粉白色或微红色,木部射线明显,成"菊花纹",有时具有裂隙,皮薄。

性味归经

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苦,微寒。归肝经。

功效应用

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    1. 清热凉血:主治热入营血,高热谵语,发斑出疹,血热出血证。
    2. 散瘀止痛:适于血瘀诸痛。
      • 妇女血瘀之月经不调,痛经,闭经。
      • 跌打损伤之瘀肿。
      • 疮痈肿痛,目赤肿痛,常配伍清热解毒药。

用量用法

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常用6-15g。

使用注意

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血虚有寒,孕妇及月经过多者忌用。反藜芦。

化学成分

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主要含芍药苷、芍药内酯苷、氧化芍药吉酮、苯甲酰芍药苷、芍药新苷等。尚含有没食子鞣质、挥发油、蛋白质等。

药理作用

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能明显增强肝细胞DNA合成,显著促进3H-胸腺嘧啶核苷掺入肝细胞。注射剂或赤芍苷能直接扩张冠状动脉,对急性心肌缺血有保护作用。煎剂、芍药苷能抗血小板聚集、抗血栓形成。

参考文献

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  • 《神农本草经》:“主邪气腹痛,除血痹,破坚结,寒热疝瘕,止痛,利小便,益气。”
  • 《本草要略》:“泻肝家火。”
  • 《本草汇言》:“泻肝火,消积血,散疮疡。目痛赤肿,血脉缠睛,痈疡肿溃,或妇人癓瘕腹痛,月经阻滞,或痢疾瘀积,红紫不清。”


外部链接

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赤芍
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