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资本与金融收支.
资本与金融收支(Capital and Financial Account)与经常账户相对,指在国际收支平衡表中,除了贸易和服务产生资金流动以外的资金流动,例如:投资,再投资等,这部分资金由于超越了具体的事项,可能存在极大的风险,对于非自由兑换的货币,政府就会制定相应的管制措施,防止带来外汇的冲击,但放开的趋势是很明显的。
在总体经济学和国际金融中,资本账户记录了投资交易流入经济体的净流量。资本账户和经常账户为国际收支的两个主要组成部分。经常账户反映的是一个国家的净收入,而资本账户反映的是国家资产所有权的净变化。
资本账户中的盈余意味着资金正在流入该国,但与经常账户中的盈余不同,流入的资本实际上代表着借款或资产出售,而不是工作报酬。资本账户赤字意味着资金从该国流出,这表明该国正在增加对外国资产的所有权。
国际货币基金组织(IMF)及其附属机构在使用“资本账户”一词时倾向使用其狭义解释。国际货币基金组织将广义上的资本账户划分为两个项目:金融账户和资本账户,到目前为止,IMF大部分交易都记录在其金融账户中。
- 资本收支
- 金融收支
- 直接投资
- 证券投资
- 其他投资
- 储备资产:包括货币性黄金,外汇,在国际货币基金组织中的份额和特别提款权(SDR)
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