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雅可比多项式

数学中,雅可比多项式 (英语:Jacobi polynomials,有时也被称为超几何多项式)是一类正交多项式。它的名称来自十九世纪普鲁士数学家卡尔·雅可比

定义

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雅可比多项式是从超几何函数中获得的,这个多项式列实际上是有限的:

其中的阶乘幂符号(这里是指上升阶乘幂),(Abramowitz & Stegun p561页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆))因此实际上的表达式是:

z等于1的时候,上式中的无穷级数只有第一项非零,这时得到:

这里对于每一个整数

是通常定义的伽马函数,其中约定,当整数n为小于零的时候:

这个多项式列满足正交性条件:

其中而且

这个多项式列还满足对称性的关系:

因此在z等于-1的时候也可以直接算出多项式值:

对于实数 ,雅可比多项式也可以写成另一种形式:

其中 并且

有一个特殊的情形,是当以下四个量: 以及 都是非负的实数的时候,雅可比多项式可以写成如下形式:

其中的求和是对所有使得求和项为非负实数的整数求和。

在这种情形下,以上表达式使得维纳d-矩阵)可以写成用雅可比多项式表达的形式[1]

导数

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身为多项式的一种,雅可比多项式也是无限连续可微(可导)的函数。雅可比多项式的第k次导函数为:

微分方程

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雅可比多项式是以下的二阶齐次线性常微分方程的解:

参见

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注释

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  1. ^ L. C. Biedenharn and J. D. Louck, Angular Momentum in Quantum Physics, Addison-Wesley, Reading, (1981)

参考来源

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雅可比多项式
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