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象形茧

古埃及法老图特摩斯三世的王名框,卡奈克神庙

古埃及文字中,王名框法语:cartouche,或译王名圈象形茧)是一个长椭圆形,其一端具有与其成直角的线段,表示内部的文字是一位法老的名字与称号。[1]最早与法老有关连的王名框例子出现在第三王朝末期,但直到第四王朝的创建法老斯尼夫鲁时期始成为惯例。王名框通常是垂直的带有水平线,为了让名字更适合王名框的排列有时也是水平的,这时在一条垂直线的左边。[2]王名框是古埃及绳环象形文的变化应用,基本上它是一个扩大的绳环英语shen ring,圈围法老的护身符及名号。在世俗体文字中,王名框简化为一对括号和一条垂直线。

在五个古埃及帝王尊号当中,“普列诺门”(王座名)与“之子”称号[3](诺门名或个人名),是圈在一个王名框内。[4]

有时护身符给予王名框的形式以显示国王的名字,并置放于墓葬。这些常常是考古学家对墓葬及其陪葬品订定年代重要的依据。[5] 王名框只能适用于法老。长椭圆形王名框围绕他们的名字是为了保护他们在人间及阴间都免于邪恶魔鬼的侵扰。王名框已经成为代表好运和免受邪恶侵扰的象征。[6]埃及人认可将他们的名字记录保留在死后不会消失的地方,将王名框附着于棺材就可以满足这个要求。[7]在埃及历史有段时期,人们避免刻写这些护身符的名字,因为害怕他们可能落入别人的手中,而使后来者获得的权力凌驾于原先该名号的拥有者。[8]

词源

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法文的术语最早是由士兵发想出来的,他们在法老遗迹中频繁的见到非常像他们前膛装填使用的纸制火药荚英语Paper cartridge,法文就是“cartouche”。 [9]由于其形状像“卷弹纸”[10],而且是由古埃及象形字符号绳环英语shen ring演变来的,最早中文翻译为“象形茧”,但“茧”一字容易让人误解,毕竟这意思与茧毫无关系,应该译为“王名框”。

王名框和半个王名框符号在象形文字的使用

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王名框在加汀纳符号表编号为V10;

V10

是用于表“名字”单词,埃及语的“rn”。[11] 对于切成两半的王名框,“半个王名框的象形符号”,在加汀纳符号表编号为V11;

V11

古埃及文字采用单词的意思:“切、分、分开”。

参见

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参考资料

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脚注

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  1. ^   Chisholm, Hugh (编). Cartouche. Encyclopædia Britannica (第11版). London: Cambridge University Press. 1911. 
  2. ^ Ancient Egyptian Cartouche Lesson. Artyfactory.org. [2013-08-22]. (原始内容存档于2013-11-14). 
  3. ^ Ancient-egypt.org. [2020-05-02]. (原始内容存档于2020-02-28). 
  4. ^ Allen, James Peter, Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, Cambridge University Press 2000, p. 65.
  5. ^ cf. Thomas Eric Peet, William Leonard Stevenson Loat, The Cemeteries of Abydos. Part 3. 1912-1913, Adamant Media Corporation, ISBN 1-4021-5715-0, p.23
  6. ^ 2. Ancient Egyptian Cartouche. Dcsd.org. [2013-08-22]. (原始内容存档于2011-09-29). 
  7. ^ Cartouche - Ancient Egypt for Kids. Egypt.mrdonn.org. [2013-08-22]. (原始内容存档于2013-09-04). 
  8. ^ Alfred Wiedemann, Religion of the Ancient Egyptians, Adamant Media Corporation 2001, ISBN 1-4021-9366-1, pp.293-295
  9. ^ White, Jon Manchip, Everyday Life in Ancient Egypt, Courier Dover 2002, p.175
  10. ^ 薛良凯, 如何读写古埃及文圣书体, 暖暖出版 2023, ISBN 978-626-96549-1-8, pp.151-152
  11. ^ Budge, 1929, 1989. The Rosetta Stone, p. 124-169.

其他

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  • Budge. The Rosetta Stone, E. A. Wallis Budge, (Dover Publications), c. 1929, Dover edition(unabridged), 1989. (softcover, ISBN 0-486-26163-8)
  • 薛良凯. 如何读写古埃及文圣书体, 薛良凯, (暖暖出版), 2023.1. (softcover, ISBN 978-626-96549-1-8)


外部链接

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象形茧
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