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护国神社

护国神社是日本神社的一种类型,以殉职的军人、警察为主祭神。其原为明治时期在各地设立的“招魂社日语招魂社”,但由于“招魂”是特定时间的行为,与恒久存在的“社”含义冲突,在1939年改名为护国神社。目前在日本除了东京都神奈川县,其他道府县皆有护国神社。

在日本内地的护国神社,于第二次世界大战之前是由内务省管辖,在战后则改为各自独立的宗教法人

指定护国神社

1939年(昭和14年)4月1日,日本内务省指定公告了34座护国神社,在二战结束时,共有指定51社。除了内务省公告的护国神社之外,还有日本外地各自公告的的桦太护国神社、台湾护国神社、京城护国神社、罗南护国神社。护国神社以1府县1社为原则,崇敬地域较广的北海道则有3社,而岐阜县兵库县岛根县广岛县有2社,则是因为县内有多个陆军联队,以及地方意识较强因素;在东京都有祭祀全国英灵的靖国神社,因此在东京都并无护国神社。此外,神奈川县护国神社、宫崎县护国神社、熊本县护国神社日语熊本県護国神社三社至1945年(昭和20年)8月15日仍未完工,之后随着日本战败而停止了兴建工程。

参见

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护国神社
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