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动主宾语序

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如果在句子中,主语(S)、宾语(O)、动词(V)按照“动-主-宾”的顺序排列,这种语序就被称为动-主-宾语序(VSO,Verb–Subject–Object)。 以阿美语为例子,汉语中“我爱你”的阿美语为:Ma'ulahay kaku i tisuwanan,ma'ulahay为谓语('ulah主事焦点),喜欢之意;kaku为主语(我,主格),tisuwanan为宾语(你,受格)。

一般而言,圣经希伯来语(现代希伯来语除了VSO顺序外亦用SVO的语序)、古典阿拉伯语(现代阿拉伯语较多使用SVO的语序)、多数南岛语系语言(包括台湾南岛语言马来-波利尼西亚语族的多数语言在内)、许多马雅语族语言和凯尔特语族海岛凯尔特语支语言(如威尔士语)使用此种语序。

德语有时语序也会变成VSO的顺序,尤其在将代表时间的词置于首位或问句时,例:Gestern sah ich das Maedchen(直译:昨天 看到了 我 那女孩),ich主语sah(sehen的过去式)为谓语Maedchen宾语。在瑞典语也有这种情形。

一些语序为SVO语言的疑问句会将动词前置,其中包括多数的日耳曼语族语言(如德语英语等)、法语西班牙语等。

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动主宾语序
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