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诅咒 .
阿克瑟利·盖伦-卡雷拉,《库勒沃的诅咒》,1899年 诅咒 通常都是一种使他人不幸的预言或许愿。除语句外有时诅咒也伴随有手势 。有时候是希望一些超自然力量 使他人受到任何形式的损害,也是一种针对他人的言语性报复。在最早的时候诅咒是一种魔法 仪式 ,目的是用它来给一个人或者一个地方带来灾害 。诅咒的原因往往是愤怒 或者报复 或者希望惩罚 被诅咒的人或者地方。被诅咒的人不必在场,也不必知道他被诅咒了。
与诅咒相对的是祝福 。
在日常生活中有时诅咒和谩骂也可能混淆到一起,即咒骂 ,比如“活见鬼”。有时诅咒也可能用来表示自己的懊恼和愤怒,比如“该死”、“你给我小心点”。同时诅咒也能体现自我保护的意愿,比如“如果你惹到我了,你就会遭报应”等等。
历史
本来诅咒是一个非常严厉的社群惩罚,因为社群相信诅咒的力量,因此社群会避免被诅咒的人,导致他的隔离。在《圣经 》中有挪亚 诅咒自己的孙子,含姆 的儿子迦南的故事,这可能是最早流传下来的关于诅咒的传说。
在童话 里有时也体现出诅咒的严厉性,比如在《睡美人 》里诅咒不能被取消,而只能被削弱。
有很多故事、戏剧、游戏等的题材都是关于诅咒。通常都是与恐怖、鬼神等等有关。亦有可能是一些都市传说 。
艺术
在神话和小说里诅咒这个动机经常出现,譬如希腊神话就曾有大地女神盖亚 诅咒神王克罗诺斯 被儿子宙斯 推翻的描述。
延伸阅读
The Random House Dictionary, copyright 2009 by Random House , Inc.
Curse tablets and Binding Spells from the Ancient World by John G. Gager ISBN 0-19-506226-4
Maledicta: The International Journal of Verbal Aggression ISSN US 0363-3659
Supernatural Hawaii by Margaret Stone. Copyright 1979 by Aloha Graphics and Sales. ISBN 0-941351-03-3
The Secret Obake Casebook Tales from the Darkside of the Cabinet by Glen Grant. Copyright 1997 by Glen Grant. ISBN 1-56647-183-4
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