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许由

许由
尧时高洁志士
时代
姓名许由(许繇)
道开
籍贯阳城槐里
出生不详
逝世不详
箕山

许由,或称许繇,字武仲,号道开上古时期人物,为时高洁之士。当时尧试图将君位禅让予他,奈何许由不受,并逃至箕山隐居,尔后,尧又邀其担任九州长官,这次他去到颖水边洗耳朵,以示其志不在名声的决心。

经历

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尧让帝位

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晚年,因其子丹朱不肖,又听闻许由志向之高洁,于多次请教后,欲传帝位予其,许由得知后,便退隐至箕山之下,农耕度日,拒不受其位。 《庄子‧杂篇‧卷九下》中就有提及:尧以天下让许由,许由不受。

而这件事情在后来也成为君王博得好名声的一种手段,既能保持原有的身份地位,又能获得贤明的美称。《史记‧世家‧卷三十四》中提到:鹿毛寿谓燕王:‘不如以国让相子之。人之谓尧贤者,以其让天下于许由,许由不受,有让天下之名而实不失天下。今王以国让于子之,子之必不敢受,是王与尧同行也。’

召为九州长

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在禅让失败后,再度召许由担任九州长,一样充耳不闻。《庄子‧杂篇‧卷九下》中提及:尧又让于子州支父,子州支父曰:以我为天子,犹之可也。虽然,我适有幽忧之病。方且治之,未暇治天下。’

接着,许由又至颖水旁冲洗耳朵,以表达世俗名声脏了他的耳朵[1]。然而当巢父牵牛至颖水边饮水,问许由洗耳之因后,认为这是许由为博得好名声而故意为之,不然,如果其真心要隐居,又岂是能如此轻易被找著的。《史记‧列传‧卷六十一‧伯夷列传第一》中就有提到:尧又召为九州长,由不欲闻之,洗耳于颍水滨。时有巢父牵犊欲饮之,见由洗耳,问其故。对曰:‘尧欲召我为九州长,恶闻其声,是故洗耳。’巢父曰:‘子若处高岸深谷,人道不通,谁能见子?子故浮游,欲闻求其名誉。污吾犊口。’牵犊上流饮之。

逝世

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许由死后,便葬在箕山(亦名许由山)脚下。今鄢陵县陈化店镇许由村有一座许由冢,明嘉靖《鄢陵县志》记载:‘许由冢在甘罗南保”’,它是古鄢陵八景之首,冢前曾建有许由寺、许由祠和许由塔。但如今寺、祠、塔已荡然无存[2]

影响

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隐士

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被视作后世隐士的始祖及标准。

参考文献

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  1. 史记
  2. 庄子
  3. 《鄢陵县志》

参考文献

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  1. ^ 《高士傳》 -> 卷上 -> 許由. [2021-02-22]. (原始内容存档于2016-08-04). 
  2. ^ 张莉莉. 许由寨:一座远古时期的城堡 (PDF). 许昌晨报. 2020年4月16日 [2021-02-22]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-02-22). 
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许由
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