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触肢

公猫蛛(Oxyopes salticus英语Oxyopes salticus)膨大的触肢
有鞭目示意图,绿色部位即为其触肢

触肢(英文:Pedipalps),又称为钳足须肢颚肢,为螯肢亚门成员(包含蜘蛛蝎子海蜘蛛等在内的一群节肢动物)的第二对附肢,位于螯肢之后,第一对步足之前。

总览

触肢具有六个肢节,依序为:底节转节股节膝节胫节跗节。蜘蛛触肢的底节特化形成了其下颚(maxilla),又称为颚叶[1]。触肢本身多半是作为触觉器官使用,某些种类(例如:蝎子)则特化成螯夹,可以协助捕捉猎物。

传统上认为触肢与昆虫甲壳亚门大颚英语Mandible (arthropod mouthpart)同源,然而近年的研究(利用同源异形基因)显示,触肢可能其实与甲壳亚门的第二对触角为同源。

螯状触肢

鞭蝎蜱蛛、蝎子与拟蝎的触肢为螯状,但是螯状触肢与的螯夹并非同源。螯状触肢多半用于捕捉与固定猎物,拟蝎的触肢上具有腺,可进一步麻痹猎物。

蜘蛛触肢

蜘蛛触肢的分节数与步足相同,但前端不具有爪,多半用来感测特定化学物质,具有味觉与嗅觉功能[2]性成熟的公蜘蛛,其触肢跗节(最末端一节)会膨大,形成交接器(或称储精囊),在交配时会利用触肢将精子送入至母蛛的外雌器之中。膨大触肢在不同种类的蜘蛛中有结构上很大的差异,也因此常被科学家用来当作分类的依据[3][4]

参考文献

  1. ^ 罗英元. 歡迎光臨「知蛛常樂」特展—認識蜘蛛世界. [2018-10-12]. [永久失效链接]
  2. ^ 存档副本. [2018-10-11]. (原始内容存档于2014-06-20). 
  3. ^ Comstock, John Henry. The Spider Book. Doubleday, Page & Company. 1920: 106–121 [First published 1912]. 
  4. ^ Foelix, Rainer F. Biology of Spiders 2. Oxford University Press. 1996: 182–185. 

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触肢
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