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视紫质

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Rhodopsin
视网膜紫质
Sensory rhodopsin II (rainbow colored) embedded in a lipid bilayer (heads red and tails blue) with Transducin (Gt) below it. Gt? is colored red, Gt? blue, and Gt? yellow. There is a bound GDP molecule in the Gt?-subunit and a bound retinal (black) in the rhodopsin. The N-terminus of rhodopsin is red and the C-terminus blue. Presumed anchoring of transducin to the membrane has been drawn in black.
有效结构
PDB 直系同源检索:PDBe, RCSB
标识
代号 RHO; CSNBAD1; OPN2; RP4
扩展标识 遗传学180380 鼠基因97914 同源基因68068 GeneCards: RHO Gene
RNA表达模式
更多表达数据
直系同源体
物种 人类 小鼠
Entrez 6010 212541
Ensembl ENSG00000163914 ENSMUSG00000030324
UniProt P08100 P15409
mRNA序列 NM_000539 NM_145383
蛋白序列 NP_000530 NP_663358
基因位置 Chr 3:
129.53 – 129.54 Mb
Chr 6:
115.93 – 115.94 Mb
PubMed查询 [1] [2]

视紫质也称为视网膜紫质视紫素。它是视杆细胞中一种视色素,由视蛋白视黄醛组成,呈紫红色,因而得名。视紫质属于G蛋白偶联受体的一种,其特点是遇光会褪色,在人体视网膜感光细胞中大概需要45分钟还原。

历史

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它最早是由德国生理学家Franz Christian Boll在1876年发现的。视紫质平行于细胞膜上,其合成需要维生素A在体内转化成11-顺视黄醛。在光照下,11-顺视黄醛异构为全反视黄醛,并由此激活视紫质,产生下游一系列反应。

视紫质基因突变会影响视力,比如夜盲症等。

微生物也有视紫质,但没有和G蛋白耦合,因此不属于G蛋白耦合受体。尽管如此,原核生物视紫质仍然被看作是和GPCR同属一超科。

参考文献

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视紫质
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