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观测者.
观测者(英文:Observer)。是物理学中,理想化的(通常是假想的)测量相关物理性质的人或仪器。
在相对论中,观测者有特别的意义,由于信息的传播是有速度的,那么某一时刻能够影响到一个观测者的事件是有一定范围的,此时观测者能影响到的事件也是有一定范围的,这个范围称为光锥。对于此时的观测者来说,光锥之外的宇宙是没有意义的。
在狭义相对论中 观测者更多是指惯性参考系。有时也会指代任意非惯性参考系;特殊情况下,匀加速参照系(Rindler frame)有时称为“加速观测者”。与此同时惯性参考系也许会称为“惯性观测者”来避免混淆。注意这种用法扩展了“观测者”的本意。参考系固有的非局部构造,覆盖整个时空或者重要部分;因此说观测者(在狭义相对论中)有具体位置是毫无意义的。同样,惯性观测者不可再进行加速,加速观测者也不可停止加速。
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